Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microbial Community in Kumamoto Oyster (Crassostrea sikamea) Larvae: Response to Antibiotics in Trace Concentration

• Published in: Fishes Vol. 7; no. 5; p. 272
• Main Authors: Dai, Wenfang, Ye, Jing, Liu, Sheng, Xu, Hongqiang, Liu, Minhai, Lin, Zhihua, Xue, Qinggang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2022
• Subjects: Animal diseases; Antibiotics; Aquaculture; Aquatic animals; Bivalvia; Community structure; Crassostrea; Crassostrea sikamea; eukaryotic community; Genera; Genes; Hatcheries; Health aspects; Larvae; Marine molluscs; Metamorphosis; Microbial activity; Microbial colonies; Microbiomes; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Mollusks; oyster hatchery; Oysters; Polyculture (aquaculture); Prokaryotes; prokaryotic community; rRNA 16S; rRNA 18S; Seawater; Shellfish; Software; Statistical analysis; Taxonomy; Japan; United States > US; China
• ISSN: 2410-3888; 2410-3888
• DOI: 10.3390/fishes7050272

Antibiotic treatment is regarded as an emergency measure to avoid disease occurrence of aquatic animals during metamorphosis in an aquaculture system, which is very common in hatcheries of bivalve mollusc larvae. However, it is still unclear how and to what extent the antibiotic addition affects the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities of marine bivalve larvae. We profiled the community compositions and dominant taxonomies of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiota of Kumamoto oyster (Crassostrea sikamea) larvae exposed to seawater with antibiotics in trace concentration. A total of 500,664 16S rRNA and 501,933 18S rRNA gene fragments were selected for classification, resulting in 714 prokaryotic Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and 47 eukaryotic OTUs. Antibiotic exposure altered the structure of larval microbiome and increased the prokaryotic but decreased the eukaryotic microbial diversity. Larval microbiota was sensitive to antibiotics, as evidenced by alternation of the dominant bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Chlamydiae, and Actinobacteria, and eukaryotic phyla Streptophyta, Cercozoa, Chlorophyta and Haptophyta. Similarly, a significant effect was observed at the family and genus level, especially the increased bacterial Devosiaceae, Microbacteriaceae, Halieaceae, Vibrionaceae families, and Devosia, Stappia and Vibrio genera, and eukaryotic Isochrysidaceae and TAGIRI1-linage family and Tisochrysis genus. These results indicate that antibiotic treatment may induce a shift in the larval microbiome, which may cause an unstable community structure and in turn affect the oyster health.