A new technique to detect defect size and depth in composite structures using digital shearography and unconstrained optimization

• Published in: NDT & E international : independent nondestructive testing and evaluation Vol. 45; no. 1; pp. 91 - 96
• Main Authors: De Angelis, G., Meo, M., Almond, D.P., Pickering, S.G., Angioni, S.L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 2012; Elsevier
• Subjects: Bulging; Composite structures; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; Defects; Delamination; Digital; Exact sciences and technology; Flaws assessment; Fracture mechanics (crack, fatigue, damage...); Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); Materials science; Materials testing; Mathematical models; Measurement and testing methods; Methodology; Non-destructive evaluation; Nondestructive testing; Physics; Shearography; Solid mechanics; Structural and continuum mechanics; Flaws assessment; Shearography; Delamination; Non-destructive evaluation; Metallic structure; Image processing; Nondestructive testing; Digital processing; Optimization; Vibrations; Defect characterization; Aerospace; Modelling; Electronic speckle pattern interferometry; Stress measurement; Dynamic response; Shearing interferometer; Layered materials; Dynamic loads; Maintenance; Optical measurement; Carbon fibers; Composite materials; Defect size; Holes; Defect detection
• ISSN: 0963-8695; 1879-1174
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ndteint.2011.07.007

Advanced composite materials are finding increasing application in aerospace, marine and many other industries due to their performance and structural efficiency. Maintenance inspection of these light-weight structures is a relatively new and difficult task for Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), which need robust methods to be applicable in industrial environments. In this paper, a new numerical–experimental procedure to detect size and depth of flat bottom holes in metallic and laminated composite structures by digital shearography (DISH) is proposed. The flaw detection capabilities of DISH have been evaluated by measuring the dynamic response of defects to applied stresses. Vibration dynamic loading is used to reveal flat bottom holes made with different sizes and placed at different depths in CFRP laminates. The shearographic methodology is based on the recognition of the (0 1) resonance mode per defect. A simplified model of thin circular plate, idealized above each flaw position, is used to calculate the natural frequency of vibrating defects. Then, the numerical difference between experimental resonance frequencies and those computationally obtained is minimized using an unconstrained optimization algorithm in order to calculate the defect depth. Considering the simplicity and rapidity of this technique, the laser shearography methodology is evaluated reliable as NDT method. ► We proposed a simple method to detect impact damage in composite structures. ► It uses a combination of shearography and optimization methods. ► Demonstrated a good accuracy in locating and sizing delaminations areas and depth.