Influence of a proinflammatory state on postprandial outcomes in elderly subjects with a risk phenotype for cardiometabolic diseases

• Published in: European journal of nutrition Vol. 61; no. 6; pp. 3077 - 3083
• Main Authors: Schönknecht, Yannik Bernd, Crommen, Silke, Stoffel-Wagner, Birgit, Coenen, Martin, Fimmers, Rolf, Stehle, Peter, Egert, Sarah
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: adhesion; blood serum; C-reactive protein; Cardiovascular disease; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; cross-over studies; Cytokines; elderly; fasting; Genotype & phenotype; Glucose; glycemic effect; High carbohydrate diet; High fat diet; high fat foods; IL-1β; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Interleukin 6; Metabolic syndrome; Nutrition; obesity; Older people; Original Contribution; phenotype; Phenotypes; risk; CVD-risk phenotype; Proinflammatory state; Postprandial metabolism; Interleukin-6
• ISSN: 1436-6207; 1436-6215; 1436-6215
• DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02870-7

Purpose Low-grade inflammation in obesity is associated with insulin resistance and other metabolic disturbances. In response to high-energy meal intake, blood concentrations of inflammatory markers, glucose and insulin rise. The aim of this study was to examine whether a basal inflammatory state influences postprandial responses. Methods A randomized crossover trial was performed in 60 participants with a cardiometabolic risk phenotype (age 70 ± 5 years; BMI 30.9 ± 3.1 kg/m 2 ). Each participant consumed three different iso-energetic meals (4300 kJ): a Western diet-like high-fat meal (WDHF), a Western diet-like high-carbohydrate meal (WDHC) and a Mediterranean diet-like meal (MED). Blood samples were collected when fasted and hourly for 5 h postprandially and analyzed for glucose, insulin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and endothelial adhesion molecules. Based on fasting serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, participants were assigned to a high inflammation (CRP ≥ 2.0 mg/L; n  = 30) or low inflammation (CRP < 2.0 mg/L; n  = 30) group, and postprandial outcomes were compared. Results Plasma IL-6, glucose and serum insulin increased after all meals, while IL-1β and endothelial adhesion molecules were unchanged. The high inflammation group had higher fasting and postprandial IL-6 concentrations than the low inflammation group, although the IL-6 response slope was similar between groups. In response to the WDHC meal, participants in the high inflammation group experienced a higher glycaemic response than those in the low inflammation group. Conclusion A basal proinflammatory state results in higher absolute fasting and postprandial IL-6 concentrations, but the increase in IL-6 relative to basal levels is not different between high and low inflammation groups. Elevated glycaemic response in the high inflammation group may be due to inflammation-induced short-term insulin resistance. The trial was registered at http://www.germanctr.de and http://www.drks.de under identifier DRKS00009861 (registration date, January 22, 2016).