Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors treated with high dose octreotide-LAR:A systematic literature review

• Published in: World journal of gastroenterology : WJG Vol. 21; no. 6; pp. 1945 - 1955
• Main Author: Broder, Michael S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 14.02.2015
• Subjects: Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal - administration & dosage; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal - adverse effects; Carcinoma;Neuroendocrine;Carcinoid; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - drug therapy; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - pathology; Humans; Neuroendocrine Tumors - drug therapy; Neuroendocrine Tumors - pathology; Octreotide - administration & dosage; Octreotide - adverse effects; syndrome;Carcin; Systematic Reviews; Treatment Outcome; Drug; Flushing; Carcinoma; Effectiveness; Tumor progression control; Neuroendocrine; Diarrhea; Hormonal; Literature review; Efficacy; Octreotide; Antineoplastic agents; Carcinoid tumor; Carcinoid syndrome; Dose-Response relationship; Symptom control; Abdominal pain; Neuroendocrine tumor; Gastrointestinal neoplasms
• ISSN: 1007-9327; 2219-2840; 2219-2840
• DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i6.1945

AIM:To review literature on efficacy and safety of octreotide-long-acting repeatable(LAR)used at doses higher than the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved 30 mg/mo for treatment of neuroendocrine tumors(NETs).METHODS:We searched Pub Med and Cochrane Library from 1998-2012,5 conferences(American Society of Clinical Oncology,Endocrine Society,European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society,European Society for Medical Oncology,North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society)from 2000-2013 using Me SH and keyterms including neuroendocrine tumors,carcinoid tumor,carcinoma,neuroendocrine,and octreotide.Bibliographies of accepted articles were also searched.Two reviewers reviewed titles,abstracts,and full-length articles.Studies that reported data on efficacy and safety of≥30 mg/mo octreotide-LAR for NETs in human subjects,published in any language were included in the review.RESULTS:The search identified 1086 publications,of which 238 underwent full-text review(20 were translated into English);17 were included in the review.Studies varied in designs,subjects,octreotide-LAR regimens,and definition of outcomes.Eleven studies reported use of higher doses to control symptoms and tumor progression,although symptom severity and formal quality-of-life analysis were not quantitatively measured.Ten studies reported efficacy,describing 260 subjects with doses ranging from 40 mg/mo or 30 mg/3 wk up to 120 mg/mo.Eight studies reported expert clinical opinion that supported dose escalation of octreotide-LAR up to 60 mg/mo for symptom control and suggested increased doses may be effective at preventing tumor progression.Eight studies reported safety;there was no evidence of increased toxicity associated with doses of octreotide-LAR>30 mg/mo.CONCLUSION:As reported in this review,octreotide-LAR at doses>30 mg/mo is being prescribed for symptom and tumor control in NET patients.Furthermore,expert clinical opinion provided support for escalation of somatostatin analogs for refractory hormonal symptoms.