Antiplasmodial activity of root extract and fractions of Croton zambesicus

• Published in: Journal of ethnopharmacology Vol. 121; no. 1; pp. 74 - 78
• Main Authors: Okokon, Jude E., Nwafor, Paul A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 12.01.2009; Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier; Elsevier
• Subjects: animal disease models; Animals; Antimalarial; antimalarials; Antimalarials - pharmacology; Antimalarials - therapeutic use; Antiplasmodial; antiprotozoal agents; Biological and medical sciences; Chloroquine - pharmacology; Chloroquine - therapeutic use; Croton; Croton - chemistry; Croton zambesicus; Female; General pharmacology; Lethal Dose 50; Malaria - blood; Malaria - drug therapy; Male; Medical sciences; medicinal plants; Mice; Parasitemia - blood; Parasitemia - drug therapy; Peroxidation; Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Phytotherapy; plant extracts; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Plant Extracts - therapeutic use; Plant Roots - chemistry; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium berghei - drug effects; protective effect; protozoal infections; Pyrimethamine - pharmacology; Pyrimethamine - therapeutic use; roots; traditional medicine; Nigeria; Africa; Croton zambesicus; Antiplasmodial; Antimalarial; Peroxidation; Root; Pharmacognosy; Extract; Medicinal plant; Folk medicine; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Plant origin; Parasiticide; Euphorbiaceae; Spermatophyta; Below ground plant part
• ISSN: 0378-8741; 1872-7573
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.034

Antiplasmodial activity of root extract and fractions of Croton zambesicus were evaluated to ascertain the folkloric claim of its antimalarial activity and elucidate its antiplasmodial mechanism of action. The crude ethanolic root extract (27–81 mg/kg) and gradient fractions ( n- hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol; 54 mg/kg) of Croton zambesicus were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine - sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in mice. The antiplasmodial activity during early and established infections as well as the prophylactic activity were investigated. Chloroquine (5 mg/kg) and pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg) were used as positive controls. Thin films made from tail blood of each mouse were used to assess the level of parasitaemia of the mice. Oxidant generation potentials of the crude extract and fractions was also evaluated to elucidate their mechanism of action. The crude root extract (27 – 81 mg/kg) demonstrated significant ( P < 0.01–0.001) schizonticidal activity during early and established infections and also had prophylactic activity. The activity was comparable to that of the standard drug used (chloroquine 5 mg/kg, pyrimethamine 1.2 mg/kg). Methanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions had comparative in vivo antiplasmodial activity and oxidant generation potentials. The antiplasmodial activity of this root extract and fractions which is likely to be through peroxidation confirms the folkloric use of this plant.