Melt blown nanofibers: Fiber diameter distributions and onset of fiber breakup

• Published in: Polymer (Guilford) Vol. 48; no. 11; pp. 3306 - 3316
• Main Authors: Ellison, Christopher J., Phatak, Alhad, Giles, David W., Macosko, Christopher W., Bates, Frank S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2007; Elsevier
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Electrospinning; Exact sciences and technology; Machinery and processing; Melt blowing; Miscellaneous; Nanofibers; Plastics; Polymer industry, paints, wood; Technology of polymers; Electrospinning; Nanofibers; Melt blowing; Propylene polymer; Synthetic fiber; Rupture; Nanofiber; Blowing; Experimental study; Dimension spectrum; Butene terephthalate polymer; Isotactic polymer; Styrene polymer; Manufacturing; Growth from melt; Nanostructured materials; Atactic polymer
• ISSN: 0032-3861; 1873-2291
• DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.04.005

Poly(butylene terephthalate), polypropylene, and polystyrene nanofibers with average diameters less than 500 nm have been produced by a single orifice melt blowing apparatus using commercially viable processing conditions. This result is a major step towards closing the gap between melt blowing technology and electrospinning in terms of the ability to produce nano-scale fibers. Furthermore, analysis of fiber diameter distributions reveals they are well described by a log-normal distribution function regardless of average fiber diameter, indicating that the underlying fiber attenuation mechanisms are retained even when producing nanofibers. However, a comparison of the breadth of the distributions between mats with differing average fiber diameters indicates that the dependence of the breadth with average fiber diameter is not universal (i.e., it is material dependent). Finally, under certain processing conditions, we observe fiber breakup that we believe is driven by surface tension and these instabilities may represent the onset of an underlying fundamental limit to the process.