Development of cholinergic amacrine cell stratification in the ferret retina and the effects of early excitotoxic ablation

• Published in: Visual neuroscience Vol. 18; no. 4; pp. 559 - 570
• Main Authors: REESE, B.E., RAVEN, M.A., GIANNOTTI, K.A., JOHNSON, P.T.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Cambridge University Press 01.07.2001
• Subjects: Aging - physiology; Amacrine Cells - cytology; Amacrine Cells - drug effects; Amacrine Cells - enzymology; Amacrine Cells - pathology; Animals; Animals, Newborn - genetics; Animals, Newborn - metabolism; Biological and medical sciences; Cell death; Choline O-Acetyltransferase - metabolism; Differentiation; Embryo, Mammalian - physiology; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Excitotoxicity; Ferrets; Glutamate; Glutamic Acid - pharmacology; Inner plexiform layer; Neurotoxins - pharmacology; Reference Values; Retina - cytology; Retina - embryology; Retina - pathology; Glutamate; Differentiation; Cell death; Inner plexiform layer; Excitotoxicity
• ISSN: 0952-5238; 1469-8714
• DOI: 10.1017/S0952523801184063

The present study has examined the emergence of cholinergic stratification within the developing inner plexiform layer (IPL), and the effect of ablating the cholinergic amacrine cells on the formation of other stratifications within the IPL. The population of cholinergic amacrine cells in the ferret's retina was identified as early as the day of birth, but their processes did not form discrete strata until the end of the first postnatal week. As development proceeded over the next five postnatal weeks, so the positioning of the cholinergic strata shifted within the IPL toward the outer border, indicative of the greater ingrowth and elaboration of processes within the innermost parts of the IPL. To examine whether these cholinergic strata play an instructive role upon the development of other stratifications which form within the IPL, one-week-old ferrets were treated with l-glutamate in an attempt to ablate the population of cholinergic amacrine cells. Such treatment was shown to be successful, eliminating all of the cholinergic amacrine cells as well as the alpha retinal ganglion cells in the central retina. The remaining ganglion cell classes as well as a few other retinal cell types were partially reduced, while other cell types were not affected, and neither retinal histology nor areal growth was compromised in these ferrets. Despite this early loss of the cholinergic amacrine cells, which are eliminated within 24 h, other stratifications within the IPL formed normally, as they do following early elimination of the entire ganglion cell population. While these cholinergic amacrine cells are present well before other cell types have differentiated, apparently neither they, nor the ganglion cells, play a role in determining the depth of stratification for other retinal cell types.