Impact of Short Term Consumption of Diets High in Either Non-Starch Polysaccharides or Resistant Starch in Comparison with Moderate Weight Loss on Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

This study investigated if additional non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch (RS), above that currently recommended, leads to better improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) than observed with modest weight loss (WL). Obese male volunteers (n = 14) were given an energy-maintenance (M) di...

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Published inNutrients Vol. 5; no. 6; pp. 2144 - 2172
Main Authors Lobley, Gerald, Holtrop, Grietje, Bremner, David, Calder, A., Milne, Eric, Johnstone, Alexandra
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 10.06.2013
MDPI
Subjects
blood glucose
Blood Glucose - analysis
c-peptide
C-Peptide - blood
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates
Cross-Over Studies
Diet
Diet, Reducing - methods
Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage
Energy Intake
Energy Metabolism
Fasting
Glucose
glycemic control
Homeostasis
Humans
Insulin - blood
Insulin Resistance
Leucine - metabolism
Male
males
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy
Models, Biological
Nutrients
Nutrition research
nutritional intervention
Obesity
Obesity - diet therapy
Polysaccharides - administration & dosage
Proteins
resistant starch
Starch - administration & dosage
volunteers
Weight control
Weight Loss
United Kingdom > UK
Scotland
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI10.3390/nu5062144

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Abstract This study investigated if additional non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch (RS), above that currently recommended, leads to better improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) than observed with modest weight loss (WL). Obese male volunteers (n = 14) were given an energy-maintenance (M) diet containing 27 g NSP and 5 g RS daily for one week. They then received, in a cross-over design, energy-maintenance intakes of either an NSP-enriched diet (42 g NSP, 2.5 g RS) or an RS-enriched diet (16 g NSP, 25 g RS), each for three weeks. Finally, a high protein (30% calories) WL diet was provided at 8 MJ/day for three weeks. During each dietary intervention, endogenous glucose production (EGP) and IS were assessed. Fasting glycaemia was unaltered by diet, but plasma insulin and C-peptide both decreased with the WL diet (p < 0.001), as did EGP (−11%, p = 0.006). Homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance improved following both WL (p < 0.001) and RS (p < 0.05) diets. Peripheral tissue IS improved only with WL (57%–83%, p < 0.005). Inclusion of additional RS or NSP above amounts currently recommended resulted in little or no improvement in glycaemic control, whereas moderate WL (approximately 3 kg fat) improved IS.
AbstractList This study investigated if additional non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch (RS), above that currently recommended, leads to better improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) than observed with modest weight loss (WL). Obese male volunteers (n = 14) were given an energy-maintenance (M) diet containing 27 g NSP and 5 g RS daily for one week. They then received, in a cross-over design, energy-maintenance intakes of either an NSP-enriched diet (42 g NSP, 2.5 g RS) or an RS-enriched diet (16 g NSP, 25 g RS), each for three weeks. Finally, a high protein (30% calories) WL diet was provided at 8 MJ/day for three weeks. During each dietary intervention, endogenous glucose production (EGP) and IS were assessed. Fasting glycaemia was unaltered by diet, but plasma insulin and C-peptide both decreased with the WL diet (p < 0.001), as did EGP (−11%, p = 0.006). Homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance improved following both WL (p < 0.001) and RS (p < 0.05) diets. Peripheral tissue IS improved only with WL (57%–83%, p < 0.005). Inclusion of additional RS or NSP above amounts currently recommended resulted in little or no improvement in glycaemic control, whereas moderate WL (approximately 3 kg fat) improved IS.
This study investigated if additional non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch (RS), above that currently recommended, leads to better improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) than observed with modest weight loss (WL). Obese male volunteers (n = 14) were given an energy-maintenance (M) diet containing 27 g NSP and 5 g RS daily for one week. They then received, in a cross-over design, energy-maintenance intakes of either an NSP-enriched diet (42 g NSP, 2.5 g RS) or an RS-enriched diet (16 g NSP, 25 g RS), each for three weeks. Finally, a high protein (30% calories) WL diet was provided at 8 MJ/day for three weeks. During each dietary intervention, endogenous glucose production (EGP) and IS were assessed. Fasting glycaemia was unaltered by diet, but plasma insulin and C-peptide both decreased with the WL diet (p < 0.001), as did EGP (-11%, p = 0.006). Homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance improved following both WL (p < 0.001) and RS (p < 0.05) diets. Peripheral tissue IS improved only with WL (57%-83%, p < 0.005). Inclusion of additional RS or NSP above amounts currently recommended resulted in little or no improvement in glycaemic control, whereas moderate WL (approximately 3 kg fat) improved IS.
This study investigated if additional non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch (RS), above that currently recommended, leads to better improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) than observed with modest weight loss (WL). Obese male volunteers (n = 14) were given an energy-maintenance (M) diet containing 27 g NSP and 5 g RS daily for one week. They then received, in a cross-over design, energy-maintenance intakes of either an NSP-enriched diet (42 g NSP, 2.5 g RS) or an RS-enriched diet (16 g NSP, 25 g RS), each for three weeks. Finally, a high protein (30% calories) WL diet was provided at 8 MJ/day for three weeks. During each dietary intervention, endogenous glucose production (EGP) and IS were assessed. Fasting glycaemia was unaltered by diet, but plasma insulin and C-peptide both decreased with the WL diet (p < 0.001), as did EGP (-11%, p = 0.006). Homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance improved following both WL (p < 0.001) and RS (p < 0.05) diets. Peripheral tissue IS improved only with WL (57%-83%, p < 0.005). Inclusion of additional RS or NSP above amounts currently recommended resulted in little or no improvement in glycaemic control, whereas moderate WL (approximately 3 kg fat) improved IS.This study investigated if additional non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch (RS), above that currently recommended, leads to better improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) than observed with modest weight loss (WL). Obese male volunteers (n = 14) were given an energy-maintenance (M) diet containing 27 g NSP and 5 g RS daily for one week. They then received, in a cross-over design, energy-maintenance intakes of either an NSP-enriched diet (42 g NSP, 2.5 g RS) or an RS-enriched diet (16 g NSP, 25 g RS), each for three weeks. Finally, a high protein (30% calories) WL diet was provided at 8 MJ/day for three weeks. During each dietary intervention, endogenous glucose production (EGP) and IS were assessed. Fasting glycaemia was unaltered by diet, but plasma insulin and C-peptide both decreased with the WL diet (p < 0.001), as did EGP (-11%, p = 0.006). Homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance improved following both WL (p < 0.001) and RS (p < 0.05) diets. Peripheral tissue IS improved only with WL (57%-83%, p < 0.005). Inclusion of additional RS or NSP above amounts currently recommended resulted in little or no improvement in glycaemic control, whereas moderate WL (approximately 3 kg fat) improved IS.
This study investigated if additional non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch (RS), above that currently recommended, leads to better improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) than observed with modest weight loss (WL). Obese male volunteers ( n = 14) were given an energy-maintenance (M) diet containing 27 g NSP and 5 g RS daily for one week. They then received, in a cross-over design, energy-maintenance intakes of either an NSP-enriched diet (42 g NSP, 2.5 g RS) or an RS-enriched diet (16 g NSP, 25 g RS), each for three weeks. Finally, a high protein (30% calories) WL diet was provided at 8 MJ/day for three weeks. During each dietary intervention, endogenous glucose production (EGP) and IS were assessed. Fasting glycaemia was unaltered by diet, but plasma insulin and C-peptide both decreased with the WL diet ( p < 0.001), as did EGP (−11%, p = 0.006). Homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance improved following both WL ( p < 0.001) and RS ( p < 0.05) diets. Peripheral tissue IS improved only with WL (57%–83%, p < 0.005). Inclusion of additional RS or NSP above amounts currently recommended resulted in little or no improvement in glycaemic control, whereas moderate WL (approximately 3 kg fat) improved IS.
Author Johnstone, Alexandra
Holtrop, Grietje
Lobley, Gerald
Milne, Eric
Calder, A.
Bremner, David
AuthorAffiliation 1 Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK; E-Mails: d.bremner@abdn.ac.uk (D.M.B.); g.calder@abdn.ac.uk (A.G.C.); e.milne@abdn.ac.uk (E.M.); alex.johnstone@abdn.ac.uk (A.M.J.)
2 Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK; E-Mail: Grietje@bioss.ac.uk
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 Obesity and Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK; E-Mails: d.bremner@abdn.ac.uk (D.M.B.); g.calder@abdn.ac.uk (A.G.C.); e.milne@abdn.ac.uk (E.M.); alex.johnstone@abdn.ac.uk (A.M.J.)
– name: 2 Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB21 9SB, UK; E-Mail: Grietje@bioss.ac.uk
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-5484-292X
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23752495$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet This study investigated if additional non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch (RS), above that currently recommended, leads to better improvement...
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StartPage 2144
SubjectTerms blood glucose
Blood Glucose - analysis
c-peptide
C-Peptide - blood
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates
Cross-Over Studies
Diet
Diet, Reducing - methods
Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage
Energy Intake
Energy Metabolism
Fasting
Glucose
glycemic control
Homeostasis
Humans
Insulin - blood
Insulin Resistance
Leucine - metabolism
Male
males
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy
Models, Biological
Nutrients
Nutrition research
nutritional intervention
Obesity
Obesity - diet therapy
Polysaccharides - administration & dosage
Proteins
resistant starch
Starch - administration & dosage
volunteers
Weight control
Weight Loss
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Title Impact of Short Term Consumption of Diets High in Either Non-Starch Polysaccharides or Resistant Starch in Comparison with Moderate Weight Loss on Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23752495
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1537095370
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1366821494
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2271813302
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3725498
Volume 5
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