Impact of Short Term Consumption of Diets High in Either Non-Starch Polysaccharides or Resistant Starch in Comparison with Moderate Weight Loss on Indices of Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 5; no. 6; pp. 2144 - 2172
• Main Authors: Lobley, Gerald, Holtrop, Grietje, Bremner, David, Calder, A., Milne, Eric, Johnstone, Alexandra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 10.06.2013; MDPI
• Subjects: blood glucose; Blood Glucose - analysis; c-peptide; C-Peptide - blood; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Diet, Reducing - methods; Dietary Proteins - administration & dosage; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Fasting; Glucose; glycemic control; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin - blood; Insulin Resistance; Leucine - metabolism; Male; males; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy; Models, Biological; Nutrients; Nutrition research; nutritional intervention; Obesity; Obesity - diet therapy; Polysaccharides - administration & dosage; Proteins; resistant starch; Starch - administration & dosage; volunteers; Weight control; Weight Loss; United Kingdom > UK; Scotland
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu5062144

This study investigated if additional non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) or resistant starch (RS), above that currently recommended, leads to better improvement in insulin sensitivity (IS) than observed with modest weight loss (WL). Obese male volunteers (n = 14) were given an energy-maintenance (M) diet containing 27 g NSP and 5 g RS daily for one week. They then received, in a cross-over design, energy-maintenance intakes of either an NSP-enriched diet (42 g NSP, 2.5 g RS) or an RS-enriched diet (16 g NSP, 25 g RS), each for three weeks. Finally, a high protein (30% calories) WL diet was provided at 8 MJ/day for three weeks. During each dietary intervention, endogenous glucose production (EGP) and IS were assessed. Fasting glycaemia was unaltered by diet, but plasma insulin and C-peptide both decreased with the WL diet (p < 0.001), as did EGP (−11%, p = 0.006). Homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance improved following both WL (p < 0.001) and RS (p < 0.05) diets. Peripheral tissue IS improved only with WL (57%–83%, p < 0.005). Inclusion of additional RS or NSP above amounts currently recommended resulted in little or no improvement in glycaemic control, whereas moderate WL (approximately 3 kg fat) improved IS.