Inducible clindamycin resistance and nasal carriage rates of Staphylococcus aureus among healthcare workers and community members

• Published in: African health sciences Vol. 15; no. 3; pp. 861 - 867
• Main Authors: Mahmoud, Alaa M, Albadawy, Hanaa S, Bolis, Samira M, Bilal, Naser E, Ahmed, Abdalla O, Ibrahim, Mutasim E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Uganda Makerere Medical School 01.09.2015
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Carrier State - epidemiology; Clindamycin - pharmacology; Disease control; Drug resistance; Health Personnel - statistics & numerical data; Hospitals; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient - prevention & control; Medical Personnel; Methicillin Resistance; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nose; Nose - microbiology; Nosocomial infections; Prevalence; Research methodology; Staphylococcal Infections - drug therapy; Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology; Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology; Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification; Statistical analysis; Sudan - epidemiology; Sudan; community members; S. aureus nasal carriage; inducible clindamycin resistance; healthcare workers
• ISSN: 1680-6905; 1729-0503; 1680-6905
• DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i3.21

Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is becoming an increasing problem among healthcare workers and community individuals. To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization and inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) of S. aureus among healthcare workers at Soba University Hospital and community members in Khartoum State, Sudan. Five hundred nasal swabs samples were collected during March 2009 to April 2010. Isolates were identified using conventional laboratory assays and MRSA determined by the disk diffusion method. The D-test was performed for detection of ICR isolates with Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. Of the 114 S. aureus isolated, 20.2% represented MRSA. The occurrence of MRSA was significantly higher among healthcare worker than community individuals [32.7% (18/55) vs. 6.9% (5/59)] (p=0.001). Overall the 114 S. aureus isolates tested for ICR by D-test, 29 (25.4%) yielded inducible resistance. Significantly higher (p=0.026) ICR was detected among MRSA (43.5%) than methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) (20.9%). MRSA nasal carriage among healthcare workers needs infection control practice in hospitals to prevent transmission of MRSA. The occurrence of ICR in S. aureus is of a great concern, D- test should be carried out routinely in our hospitals to avoid therapeutic failure.