Twofold optical display and encryption of binary and grayscale images with a wavelength-multiplexed metasurface

• Published in: Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) Vol. 12; no. 19; pp. 3747 - 3756
• Main Authors: Zhang, Xiaoyi, Cheng, Jiaqi, Yue, Wenjing, Li, Zhancheng, Choi, Duk-Yong, Li, Yang, Li, Hongliang, Lee, Sang-Shin, Chen, Shuqi, Gao, Song
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin De Gruyter 28.09.2023; Walter de Gruyter GmbH
• Subjects: Amplitudes; Applied physics; binary meta-image; Circular polarization; Design; dual-wavelength metasurface; Encryption; Gray scale; grayscale meta-image; Image resolution; Incident light; Information storage; Light; Linear polarization; Metasurfaces; Multiplexing; quarter-wave plate metasurface; Silicon; twofold optical display and encryption; Wave plates; White light
• ISSN: 2192-8614; 2192-8606; 2192-8614
• DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0324

The remarkable capability in regulating light polarization or amplitude at the nanoscale makes metasurface a leading candidate in high-resolution image display and optical encryption. Diverse binary or grayscale meta-images were previously shown concealed in a single metasurface, yet they are mostly stored at same encryption level and share an identical decryption key, running the risk of exposing all images once the key is disclosed. Here, we propose a twofold optical display and encryption scheme demonstrating that binary and grayscale meta-images can be concurrently embedded in a nonspatially multiplexed silicon metasurface, and their decryptions demand for drastically different keys. Unlike previous metasurfaces relying on isolated transmission or phase manipulations upon orthogonal linear polarization incidences, this is made possible by exploiting silicon meta-atoms featuring joint transmission amplitude and polarization control at two wavelengths. In detail, the selected two meta-atoms exhibit large polarization-independent transmission difference (∼85 %) at a wavelength of 800 nm, while functioning as the nano-quarter-wave plate at wavelength of 1200 nm. Through elaborate design in simulation, a binary image can be witnessed when the metasurface is merely illuminated by an unpolarized light of wavelength 800 nm or under white light illumination. However, a distinct binary or grayscale image will come into view by inspecting the metasurface with an analyzer and when the incident light is circularly polarized at the wavelength of 1200 nm. Two metasurface samples are fabricated and successfully verified the claims experimentally. The proposed approach is expected to bring new insights to the field of optical display and encryption.