Enhancing Smoking Risk Communications: The Influence of Health Literacy and Message Content
Health literacy plays an important role in influencing the way that smokers respond to smoking health risk information. Abstract Background Efforts are needed to ensure that smokers with lower health literacy are provided with understandable and impactful information about the health consequences of...
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Published in | Annals of behavioral medicine Vol. 52; no. 3; pp. 204 - 215 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
US
Oxford University Press
17.02.2018
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Health literacy plays an important role in influencing the way that smokers respond to smoking health risk information.
Abstract
Background
Efforts are needed to ensure that smokers with lower health literacy are provided with understandable and impactful information about the health consequences of smoking and benefits of quitting.
Purpose
To test the influence of health literacy on smokers’ responses to health risk messages manipulated on framing (gain vs. loss) and emotionality (factual vs. emotional).
Methods
Participants (N = 402) were randomized to evaluate one of four sets of smoking risk messages (factual gain-framed, factual loss-framed, emotional gain-framed, or emotional loss-framed). Multiple linear regressions examined main effects of health literacy, message emotionality, and message framing on: (a) risk perceptions, (b) behavioral expectations (i.e. cut down, limit, quit), and (c) risk knowledge. Two-way interactions of health literacy with emotionality and framing were examined for these outcomes. Analyses were based on theory-driven, a priori hypotheses.
Results
As hypothesized, main effects emerged such that smokers with higher health literacy reported stronger risk perceptions and knowledge retention regardless of message type. Additionally, emotional (vs. factual) and gain- (vs. loss-) framed messages were associated with certain lower risk perceptions regardless of health literacy level. Consistent with hypotheses, two-way crossover interactions emerged between health literacy and emotionality. Among smokers with higher health literacy, factual messages produced higher perceived risk and stronger expectations for quitting. Among smokers with lower health literacy, emotional messages produced higher perceived risk and stronger expectations for quitting.
Conclusions
Health literacy plays an important role in influencing how smokers respond to different risk messages. One’s health literacy should be considered when determining whether risk communications emphasize factual or emotional content. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-News-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0883-6612 1532-4796 |
DOI: | 10.1093/abm/kax042 |