Genetic and phenotypic diversity of autochthonous cider yeasts in a cellar from Asturias

• Published in: Food microbiology Vol. 27; no. 4; pp. 503 - 508
• Main Authors: PANDO BEDRINANA, R, QUEROL SIMON, A, SUAREZ VALLES, B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2010; Elsevier
• Subjects: apple cider; apple juice; beta-glucosidase; Beverages - microbiology; Biodiversity; Biological and medical sciences; Candida parapsilosis; Cider yeast; DNA, Fungal - genetics; DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics; enzyme activity; Fermentation; Food industries; Food Microbiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genetic Variation; genotype; Hanseniaspora uvarum; Hanseniaspora valbyensis; hydrogen sulfide; isolation; Killer activity; killer phenotype; Malus; Metschnikowia pulcherrima; Mitochondrial ADN; mitochondrial DNA; molecular sequence data; molecular systematics; Mycological Typing Techniques - methods; PCR-RFLP; phenotype; Phylogeny; Pichia guilliermondii; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Population Dynamics; restriction fragment length polymorphism; Saccharomyces bayanus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces kudriavzevii; Saccharomyces mikatae; Saccharomyces pastorianus; Species Specificity; starter cultures; virulence; Yeast dynamics; yeasts; Yeasts - classification; Yeasts - genetics; Austria; Yeast dynamics; PCR-RFLP; Killer activity; Mitochondrial ADN; Cider yeast; Polymerase chain reaction; Yeast; Genetic variability; Cider; Genetic diversity; Molecular biology
• ISSN: 0740-0020; 1095-9998
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2009.11.018

This paper analyses yeast diversity and dynamics during the production of Asturian cider. Yeasts were isolated from apple juice and at different stages of fermentation in a cellar in Villaviciosa during two Asturian cider-apple harvests. The species identified by ITS-RFLP corresponded to Hanseniaspora valbyensis, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia guilliermondii, Candida parapsilosis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus/Saccharomyces pastorianus/Saccharomyces kudriavzevii/Saccharomyces mikatae. The species C. parapsilosis is reported here for the first time in cider. The analysis of Saccharomyces mtDNA patterns showed great diversity, sequential substitution and the presence of a small number of yeast patterns (up to 8), present in both harvests. Killer (patterns nos. 22′ and 47), sensitive (patterns nos. 12, 15, 33 and 61) and neutral phenotypes were found among the S. cerevisiae isolates. The detection of β-glucosidase activity, with arbutin as the sole carbon source, allowed two S. cerevisiae strains (patterns nos. 3′ and 19′) to be differentiated by means of this enzymatic activity. Yeast strains producing the killer toxin or with β-glucosidase activity are reported for the first time in autochthonous cider yeasts.