Metabolome and Transcriptome Joint Analysis Reveals That Different Sucrose Levels Regulate the Production of Flavonoids and Stilbenes in Grape Callus Culture

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 19; p. 10398
• Main Authors: Gu, Xiaojiao, Fan, Zhiyi, Wang, Yuan, He, Jiajun, Zheng, Chuanlin, Ma, Huiqin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.10.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Biosynthesis; Carbon; Catalysis; DNA binding proteins; Enzymes; Flavonoids; Flavonoids - biosynthesis; Flavonoids - metabolism; Gene Expression Profiling - methods; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes; grape callus; Isoflavones; Metabolites; Metabolome; Methylation; Plant metabolites; Plant Proteins - genetics; Plant Proteins - metabolism; Resveratrol; Scientific equipment and supplies industry; stilbenes; Stilbenes - metabolism; Sucrose; Sucrose - metabolism; sucrose concentration; Transcriptome; Vitis - genetics; Vitis - metabolism; United States; China; stilbenes; sucrose concentration; flavonoids; grape callus; transcriptome; metabolome
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910398

To reveal the effect of sucrose concentration on the production of secondary metabolites, a metabolome and transcriptome joint analysis was carried out using callus induced from grape variety Mio Red cambial meristematic cells. We identified 559 metabolites-mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids, and stilbenoids-as differential content metabolites (fold change ≥2 or ≤0.5) in at least one pairwise comparison of treatments with 7.5, 15, or 30 g/L sucrose in the growing media for 15 or 30 days (d). Resveratrol, viniferin, and amurensin contents were highest at 15 d of subculture; piceid, ampelopsin, and pterostilbene had higher contents at 30 d. A transcriptome analysis identified 1310 and 498 (at 15 d) and 1696 and 2211 (at 30 d) differentially expressed genes (DEGs; log2(fold change) ≥ 1, < 0.05) in 7.5 vs. 15 g/L and 15 vs. 30 g/L sucrose treatments, respectively. In phenylpropane and isoflavone pathways, DEGs encoding cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, and flavanone 3-hydroxylase were more highly expressed at 15 d than at 30 d, while other DEGs showed different regulation patterns corresponding to sucrose concentrations and cultivation times. For all three sucrose concentrations, the stilbene synthase ( ) gene exhibited significantly higher expression at 15 vs. 30 d, while two resveratrol O-methyltransferase ( ) genes related to pterostilbene synthesis showed significantly higher expression at 30 vs. 15 d. In addition, a total of 481 DEGs were annotated as transcription factors in pairwise comparisons; an integrative analysis suggested MYB59, WRKY20, and MADS8 as potential regulators responding to sucrose levels in flavonoid and stilbene biosynthesis in grape callus. Our results provide valuable information for high-efficiency production of flavonoids and stilbenes using grape callus.