Monitoring and forecasting of ionospheric space weather—effects of geomagnetic storms

The response of the ionosphere to solar events is an integral part of space weather. The strongest response occurs during the complex coupling processes during a geomagnetic storm. Its various features act at different heights in the ionosphere and atmosphere and, therefore, both the morphology and...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics Vol. 64; no. 5; pp. 697 - 705
Main Author Lastovicka, J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2002
Subjects
Atmosphere
Geomagnetic storms
Ionosphere
Atmosphere
Geomagnetic storms
Ionosphere
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Summary:The response of the ionosphere to solar events is an integral part of space weather. The strongest response occurs during the complex coupling processes during a geomagnetic storm. Its various features act at different heights in the ionosphere and atmosphere and, therefore, both the morphology and the mechanisms and origin of geomagnetic storm effects change from one height region to another one. Three main regions may be distinguished from the point of view of geomagnetic storm effects on the midlatitude ionosphere: F2 region (strong effect with positive and negative phases), F1–E region (weak and less known effect), and lower ionosphere (strong positive effect). The paper contains a brief description of geomagnetic storm effects in all three regions as well as in the total electron content with emphasis on the European sector. Methods of monitoring and predictions are briefly mentioned.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:1364-6826
1879-1824
DOI:10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00031-7