Enhancing Lung Recellularization with Mesenchymal Stem Cells via Photobiomodulation Therapy: Insights into Cytokine Modulation and Sterilization

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 18; p. 10131
• Main Authors: Guimarães, Leticia L, Brito, Auriléia A, Cereta, Andressa D, Oliveira, Ana Paula L, Afonso, João Pedro R, Mello, Diego A C P G, Oliveira-Silva, Iransé, Silva, Carlos H M, Oliveira, Rodrigo F, Oliveira, Deise A A P, Vieira, Rodolfo de Paula, Santos, Dante Brasil, Insalaco, Giuseppe, Oliveira, Luís V F, da Palma, Renata Kelly
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.09.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Bioengineering; Care and treatment; Cell growth; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; decellularization; Detergents; Extracellular matrix; Extracellular Matrix - metabolism; Humans; Laser therapy; Low-Level Light Therapy - methods; lung; Lung - metabolism; Lung diseases; Lung transplants; Mechanical properties; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation - methods; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism; Methods; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; photobiomodulation therapy; Physiology; Proteins; Pulmonary arteries; Scanning electron microscopy; Stem cells; Sterilization - methods; Tissue Engineering - methods; Brazil; lung; photobiomodulation therapy; decellularization; extracellular matrix
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810131

Several lung diseases can cause structural damage, making lung transplantation the only therapeutic option for advanced disease stages. However, the transplantation success rate remains limited. Lung bioengineering using the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) of decellularized lungs is a potential alternative. The use of undifferentiated cells to seed the ECM is practical; however, sterilizing the organ for recellularization is challenging. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) may offer a solution, in which the wavelength is crucial for tissue penetration. This study aimed to explore the potential of optimizing lung recellularization with mesenchymal stem cells using PBMT (660 nm) after sterilization with PBMT (880 nm). The lungs from C57BL/6 mice were decellularized using 1% SDS and sterilized using PBMT (880 nm, 100 mW, 30 s). Recellularization was performed in two groups: (1) recellularized lung and (2) recellularized lung + 660 nm PBMT (660 nm, 100 mW, 30 s). Both were seeded with mesenchymal stem cells from human tooth pulp (DPSc) and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C and 5% CO in bioreactor-like conditions with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at 20 cmH O and 90% O . The culture medium was analyzed after 24 h. H&E, immunostaining, SEM, and ELISA assays were performed. Viable biological scaffolds were produced, which were free of cell DNA and preserved the glycosaminoglycans; collagens I, III, and IV; fibronectin; laminin; elastin; and the lung structure (SEM). The IL-6 and IL-8 levels were stable during the 24 h culture, but the IFN-γ levels showed significant differences in the recellularized lung and recellularized lung + 660 nm PBMT groups. Greater immunological modulation was observed in the recellularized groups regarding pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-8). These findings suggest that PBMT plays a role in cytokine regulation and antimicrobial activity, thus offering promise for enhanced therapeutic strategies in lung bioengineering.