Landau quantization of Dirac fermions in graphene and its multilayers

When electrons are confined in a two-dimensional （2D） system, typical quantum-mechanical phenonl- ena such as Landau quantization can be detected. Graphene systems, including the single atomic layer and few-layer stacked crystals, are ideal 2D materials for studying a variety of quantum-mechanical p...

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Published inFrontiers of physics Vol. 12; no. 4; pp. 85 - 121
Main Author 殷隆晶 白珂珂 王文晓 李思宇 张钰 何林
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Beijing Higher Education Press 01.08.2017
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Astronomy
Astrophysics and Cosmology
Asymmetry
Atomic
Atoms & subatomic particles
Carbon
Condensed Matter Physics
Crystal defects
Crystals
Electrons
Energy
Fermions
Graphene
Landau quantization
Magnetic fields
Measurement
Microscopy
Molecular
Multilayers
Optical and Plasma Physics
Particle and Nuclear Physics
Physics
Physics and Astronomy
Recent Progress on Quantum Transport in Nano and Mesoscopic Systems
Review Article
Scanning tunneling microscopy
Spectrum analysis
stacking order
STM/STS
strain and defect
Tunneling
Two dimensional materials
STM/STS
Landau quantization
stacking order
graphene
strain and defect
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Summary:When electrons are confined in a two-dimensional （2D） system, typical quantum-mechanical phenonl- ena such as Landau quantization can be detected. Graphene systems, including the single atomic layer and few-layer stacked crystals, are ideal 2D materials for studying a variety of quantum-mechanical problems. In this article, we review the experimental progress in the unusual Landau quantized behav- iors of Dirac fernlions in monolayer and multilayer graphene by using scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） and scanning tulmeling spectroscopy （STS）. Through STS measurement of the strong mag- netic fields, distinct Landau-level spectra and rich level-splitting phenomena are observed in different graphene layers. These unique properties provide an effective method for identifying the number of layers, as well as the stacking orders, and investigating the fllndamentally physical phenomena of graphene. Moreover, in the presence of a strain and charged defects, the Landau quantization of graphene can be significantly modified, leading to unusual spectroscopic and electronic properties.
Bibliography:Long-Jing Yin , Ke-Ke Bai , Wen-Xiao Wang , Si-Yu Li , Yu Zhang , Lin He （ The Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China）
Landau quantization, graphene, STM/STS, stacking order, strain and defect
When electrons are confined in a two-dimensional （2D） system, typical quantum-mechanical phenonl- ena such as Landau quantization can be detected. Graphene systems, including the single atomic layer and few-layer stacked crystals, are ideal 2D materials for studying a variety of quantum-mechanical problems. In this article, we review the experimental progress in the unusual Landau quantized behav- iors of Dirac fernlions in monolayer and multilayer graphene by using scanning tunneling microscopy （STM） and scanning tulmeling spectroscopy （STS）. Through STS measurement of the strong mag- netic fields, distinct Landau-level spectra and rich level-splitting phenomena are observed in different graphene layers. These unique properties provide an effective method for identifying the number of layers, as well as the stacking orders, and investigating the fllndamentally physical phenomena of graphene. Moreover, in the presence of a strain and charged defects, the Landau quantization of graphene can be significantly modified, leading to unusual spectroscopic and electronic properties.
11-5994/O4
STM/STS
Landau quantization
Document received on :2016-12-28
Document accepted on :2017-01-26
stacking order
graphene
strain and defect
ISSN:2095-0462
2095-0470
DOI:10.1007/s11467-017-0655-0