Exosomes and exosomal RNAs in breast cancer: A status update

Improved treatment of breast cancer, the world's second most common cancer, requires identification of new sensitive prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes are lipid-bilayer extracellular vesicles of size 30–150 nm, released by all cell types, including breast cancer cells. Cellular com...

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Published inEuropean journal of cancer (1990) Vol. 144; pp. 252 - 268
Main Authors Lakshmi, Sreerenjini, Hughes, Thomas A., Priya, Sulochana
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2021
Elsevier Science Ltd
Subjects
Biomarker
Biomarkers
Breast cancer
Cell interactions
Cellular communication
Clinical trials
Exosomes
Lipids
LncRNA
miRNA
Non-coding RNA
Post-transcription
Therapeutic applications
Tumorigenesis
LncRNA
miRNA
Biomarker
Breast cancer
Exosomes
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Summary:Improved treatment of breast cancer, the world's second most common cancer, requires identification of new sensitive prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes are lipid-bilayer extracellular vesicles of size 30–150 nm, released by all cell types, including breast cancer cells. Cellular communication is the primary function attributed to them. This review discusses the potential utility of exosomes and exosomal RNAs (microRNAs [miRNAs]/long non-coding RNAs [LncRNAs]) in breast cancer biology and treatment. The existing literature shows that exosomes play a significant role in breast tumorigenesis and progression through transfer miRNAs and LncRNAs. These miRNAs and LncRNAs function by post-transcriptionally regulating their target mRNAs, eventually leading to modulation of expression/repression. Over the past two decades, numerous publications point towards diagnostic and therapeutic applications of exosomal miRNAs/LncRNAs. Until now, we do not have clinically approved exosome-based therapeutics. Therefore, it is high time that clinicians and cancer researchers utilise exosome's benefits through randomised clinical trials for better management of breast cancer. •The review represents a logically summed up exhaustive literature search about exosomes and breast cancer.•It outlines almost all relevant articles on the subject over the last 37 years.•It addresses the challenges, gaps, research trends, opportunities and ambiguities about exosome research.
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ISSN:0959-8049
1879-0852
1879-0852
DOI:10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.033