Generalized binary utility functions and fair allocations

• Published in: Mathematical social sciences Vol. 121; pp. 50 - 60
• Main Authors: Camacho, Franklin, Fonseca-Delgado, Rigoberto, Pino Pérez, Ramón, Tapia, Guido
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.01.2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: Additive utility function; Allocation of indivisible goods/chores; Computer Science; Efficiency; Envy-free up to one good/chore; Envy-free up to one good/chore; Additive utility function; Allocation of indivisible goods/chores; Efficiency; efficiency; additive utility function; envy-free up to one good/chore
• ISSN: 0165-4896; 1879-3118
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2022.10.003

The problem of finding envy-free allocations of indivisible goods cannot always be solved; therefore, it is common to study some relaxations such as envy-free up to one good (EF1) and envy-free up to any positively valued good (EFX). Another property of interest for the efficiency of an allocation is the Pareto Optimality (PO). Under additive utility functions for goods, it is possible to find EF1 and PO allocations using the Nash social welfare. However, finding an allocation that maximizes the Nash social welfare is a computationally costly problem. Maximizing the utilitarian social welfare subject to EF1 constraints is an NP-complete problem for the case where three or more agents participate. In this work, we propose a restricted case of additive utility functions called generalized binary utility functions. The proposed utilities are a generalization of binary and identical utilities simultaneously. In this scenario, we present a polynomial-time algorithm that maximizes the utilitarian social welfare and, at the same time, produces an EF1 and PO allocation for goods as well as for chores. Moreover, a slight modification of our algorithm gives a better allocation: one which is EFX. •Introduction of generalized binary utility functions for goods and chores.•This new class generalizes those of binary and identical utility functions.•Pareto optimality and maximun utilitarian social welfare coincide in the new class.•A polynomial algorithm for building an allocation both MSWu and EFX1 is given.