Tunneled Epidural Catheters for Prolonged Analgesia in Pediatric Patients

• Published in: Anesthesia and analgesia Vol. 92; no. 6; pp. 1432 - 1438
• Main Authors: Aram, Laleh, Krane, Elliot J., Kozloski, Lori J., Yaster, Myron
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hagerstown, MD International Anesthesia Research Society 01.06.2001; Lippincott
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural - adverse effects; Analgesia, Epidural - instrumentation; Analgesics, Opioid - administration & dosage; Analgesics, Opioid - therapeutic use; Anesthesia; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infection - etiology; Local anesthesia. Pain (treatment); Male; Medical sciences; Morphine - administration & dosage; Morphine - therapeutic use; Pain - drug therapy; Retrospective Studies; Human; Catheter; Narcotic analgesic; Local anesthetic; Analgesia; Chemotherapy; Chronic; Pain; Fixation; Treatment; Extradural administration; Subcutaneous administration; Technique; Child
• ISSN: 0003-2999; 1526-7598
• DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200106000-00016

We conducted this retrospective study to document the efficacy and safety, and demonstrate the spectrum of indications for subcutaneously tunneled epidural catheters in the management of prolonged pain in pediatric patients. The charts of 25 patients with prolonged pain that was unresponsive to conventional opioid therapy (10end stage malignancy, 8extensive abdominal surgery, 7trauma, etc.) and who received thoracic, lumbar, or caudal tunneled epidural catheters between 1995 and 1999 were reviewed for efficacy and catheter-related complications (infection or bleeding at the insertion site, toxicity related to local anesthetics, tachyphylaxis and respiratory depression). Tunneled epidural catheters were effective in providing extended analgesia in all subjects. In 14 patients with chronic pain, cumulative 48-h enteral and parenteral opioid requirements were reduced or eliminated after catheter insertion. Catheters remained in place for a median of 11 days (range, 4–240 days) until there was no further need for parenteral analgesia (n = 15), death because of the underlying disease (n = 6), accidental removal (n = 2), or possible infection (n = 2). No serious local or systemic complications (meningitis, epidural abscess, systemic infection, epidural hematoma, or spinal cord injury; seizures, local anesthetic toxicity) occurred related to this technique. Five patients were discharged from the hospital with the catheter for home analgesic therapy. The use of a percutaneously inserted, subcutaneously tunneled epidural catheter is safe, effective, and provides pain relief in situations in which conventional analgesic therapy either fails or is impractical. The technique is one that may be of great value to children suffering from pain.