Germination of Lecanicillium fungicola in the mycosphere of Agaricus bisporus

• Published in: Environmental microbiology reports Vol. 4; no. 2; pp. 227 - 233
• Main Authors: Berendsen, Roeland L., Kalkhove, Stefanie I. C., Lugones, Luis G., Wösten, Han A. B., Bakker, Peter A. H. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.04.2012; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Agaricus bisporus; Antibiotics; Carbon; Dry bubble disease; Fungi; Fungiculture; Fungistasis; Germination; Glucose; Hyphae; Lecanicillium fungicola; Microbiota; Microflora; Mushrooms; Nutrient availability; Nutrients; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Soil bacteria; Soil microorganisms; Spore germination; Spores
• ISSN: 1758-2229; 1758-2229
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00325.x

Summary Dry bubble disease is a major problem in the commercial cultivation of the white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus and is caused by the ascomycete Lecanicillium fungicola. In the casing layer, germination of L. fungicola spores is inhibited by the microflora, a phenomenon known as fungistasis. Fungistasis is annulled when the casing is colonized by A. bisporus hyphae. We demonstrated that addition of A. bisporus‐associated sugars, similarly annulled the casing fungistasis. However, casing fungistasis does not seem to be based on competition for resources as L. fungicola spores germinate regardless of nutrient availability. Pseudomonas bacteria are a dominant group of bacteria in the casing and have previously been implied to be essential for the development of fungistasis in soils. Antibiotics produced by model strain Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 inhibited L. fungicola spore germination. Addition of glucose desensitized spores of L. fungicola, which resulted in germination in the presence of antibiotics. We conclude that antibiotics produced by the microflora most likely cause fungistasis.