Association of genetic variants related to combined exposure to higher BMI and waist-to-hip ratio on lifelong cardiovascular risk in UK Biobank

• Published in: Public health nutrition Vol. 26; no. 2; pp. 416 - 424
• Main Authors: Wan, Eric Yuk Fai, Fung, Wing Tung, Yu, Esther Yee Tak, Cheng, Will Ho Gi, Chan, Kam Suen, Wang, Yuan, Chan, Esther Wai Yin, Wong, Ian Chi Kei, Lam, Cindy Lo Kuen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.02.2023
• Subjects: Angina pectoris; Antihypertensives; Biobanks; Blood pressure; BMI; Body fat; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular risk; CVD; Deprivation; Drugs; Factorial analysis; Fasting; Genetic diversity; Genetic risk score; Genetic variance; Genomes; Glucose; Health risks; Heart attacks; Hip; Lipids; Mortality; Nutritional epidemiology; Obesity; Overweight; Regression analysis; Research Paper; Risk; Subgroups; Waist-to–hip ratio; Weight control; United Kingdom > UK; CVD; Obesity; Waist-to–hip ratio; Genetic risk score; Cardiovascular risk; BMI
• ISSN: 1368-9800; 1475-2727; 1475-2727
• DOI: 10.1017/S1368980022001276

This study examines the individual and combined association of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with CVD risk using genetic scores of the obesity measurements as proxies. A 2 × 2 factorial analysis approach was applied, with participants divided into four groups of lifetime exposure to low BMI and WHR, high BMI, high WHR, and high BMI and WHR based on weighted genetic risk scores. The difference in CVD risk across groups was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Cohort study. A total of 408 003 participants were included from the prospective observational UK Biobank study. A total of 58 429 CVD events were recorded. Compared to the low BMI and WHR genetic scores group, higher BMI or higher WHR genetic scores were associated with an increase in CVD risk (high WHR: OR, 1·07; 95 % CI (1·04, 1·10)); high BMI: OR, 1·12; 95 % CI (1·09, 1·16). A weak additive effect on CVD risk was found between BMI and WHR (high BMI and WHR: OR, 1·16; 95 % CI (1·12, 1·19)). Subgroup analysis showed similar patterns between different sex, age (<65, ≥65 years old), smoking status, Townsend deprivation index, fasting glucose level and medication uses, but lower systolic blood pressure was associated with higher CVD risk in obese participants. High BMI and WHR were associated with increased CVD risk, and their effects are weakly additive. Even though there were overlapping of effect, both BMI and WHR are important in assessing the CVD risk in the general population.