Ethylene and 1-MCP regulate major volatile biosynthetic pathways in apple fruit

• Published in: Food chemistry Vol. 194; pp. 325 - 336
• Main Authors: Yang, Xiaotang, Song, Jun, Du, Lina, Forney, Charles, Campbell-Palmer, Leslie, Fillmore, Sherry, Wismer, Paul, Zhang, Zhaoqi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.03.2016
• Subjects: Biosynthetic Pathways; Branched amino acids; Cyclopropanes - chemistry; Ethylenes - chemistry; Fatty acid metabolism; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Fruit - chemistry; Fruit ripening; Gene Expression; Malus - chemistry; Malus domestica; Malus domestica; Fruit ripening; Fatty acid metabolism; Gene expression; Branched amino acids
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.018

•Volatile-related gene expression in apple is differentially controlled by ethylene and 1-MCP.•Ethylene and 1-MCP on volatile-related gene expression reveal a complex nature of control in apples.•Volatile biosynthesis genes in apples regulated by ethylene are identified. The effects of ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on apple fruit volatile biosynthesis and gene expression were investigated. Statistical analysis identified 17 genes that changed significantly in response to ethylene and 1-MCP treatments. Genes encoding branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (BCAT), aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (ArAT) and amino acid decarboxylases (AADC) were up-regulated during ripening and further enhanced by ethylene treatment. Genes related to fatty acid synthesis and metabolism, including acyl-carrier-proteins (ACPs), malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MCAT), acyl-ACP-desaturase (ACPD), lipoxygenase (LOX), hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC2), β-oxidation, acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHD), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD), and alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) also increased during ripening and in response to ethylene treatment. Allene oxide synthase (AOS), alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase and branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2) decreased in ethylene-treated fruit. Treatment with 1-MCP and ethylene generally produced opposite effects on related genes, which provides evidence that regulation of these genes is ethylene dependent.