Modeling and Stability Analysis of Within-Host IAV/SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection with Antibody Immunity

Studies have reported several cases with respiratory viruses coinfection in hospitalized patients. Influenza A virus (IAV) mimics the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with respect to seasonal occurrence, transmission routes, clinical manifestations and related immune resp...

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Published inMathematics (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 22; p. 4382
Main Authors Elaiw, Ahmed M, Alsulami, Raghad S, Hobiny, Aatef D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2022
Subjects
Antibodies
coinfection
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 vaccines
Cytomegalovirus
Dengue fever
Disease transmission
Epithelium
Equilibrium
global stability
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immunity
Infections
Influenza
influenza A virus
Lyapunov function
Mathematical models
Mathematics
Medical research
Mortality
Respiratory diseases
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Stability analysis
Viral antibodies
Viral diseases
Viral infections
Viruses
United States
India
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Summary:Studies have reported several cases with respiratory viruses coinfection in hospitalized patients. Influenza A virus (IAV) mimics the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with respect to seasonal occurrence, transmission routes, clinical manifestations and related immune responses. The present paper aimed to develop and investigate a mathematical model to study the dynamics of IAV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection within the host. The influence of SARS-CoV-2-specific and IAV-specific antibody immunities is incorporated. The model simulates the interaction between seven compartments, uninfected epithelial cells, SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, IAV-infected cells, free SARS-CoV-2 particles, free IAV particles, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and IAV-specific antibodies. The regrowth and death of the uninfected epithelial cells are considered. We study the basic qualitative properties of the model, calculate all equilibria and investigate the global stability of all equilibria. The global stability of equilibria is established using the Lyapunov method. We perform numerical simulations and demonstrate that they are in good agreement with the theoretical results. The importance of including the antibody immunity into the coinfection dynamics model is discussed. We have found that without modeling the antibody immunity, the case of IAV and SARS-CoV-2 coexistence is not observed. Finally, we discuss the influence of IAV infection on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 single-infection and vice versa.
ISSN:2227-7390
2227-7390
DOI:10.3390/math10224382