Are intraoral stents effective in reducing oral toxicities caused by radiotherapy? A systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: The Journal of prosthetic dentistry Vol. 128; no. 6; pp. 1380 - 1386
• Main Authors: Brandão, Thaís Bianca, da Graça Pinto, Henrique, Vechiato Filho, Aljomar José, Faria, Karina Morais, de Oliveira, Maria Cecília Querido, Prado-Ribeiro, Ana Carolina, Dias, Reinaldo Brito, Santos-Silva, Alan Roger, Batista, Victor Eduardo de Souza
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2022
• Subjects: Head and Neck Neoplasms - complications; Head and Neck Neoplasms - radiotherapy; Humans; Prospective Studies; Radiation Injuries - complications; Radiation Injuries - prevention & control; Retrospective Studies; Stents - adverse effects; Stomatitis - etiology; Stomatitis - prevention & control; Trismus - etiology; Trismus - prevention & control
• ISSN: 0022-3913; 1097-6841
• DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.03.009

Intraoral stents have been provided to minimize acute and chronic toxicities induced by radiotherapy, including oral mucositis, salivary changes, trismus, radiation-related caries, and osteoradionecrosis. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis is necessary to determine their effectiveness. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of intraoral stent use and determine whether these prosthetic devices can reduce radiation dosage to nontargeted oral tissues and adverse effects related to head and neck radiation. Two independent reviewers made a systematic search for articles published from January 2010 to March 2020 in 3 databases, supplemented by a manual search. Studies were included if they were clinical trials (randomized controlled trials, both prospective and retrospective), published in English, and evaluated radiation dose and oral adverse side effects (acute or chronic) induced by radiotherapy of participants with and without intraoral stents. The search strategy identified 201 studies; of which, 9 were included. A total of 251 participants were evaluated; of whom, 168 (77.3%) used intraoral stents and 57 (22.7%) were treated with radiotherapy without a prosthetic device. A statistically significant difference was found regarding the use of intraoral stents for preventing oral mucositis (P<.001), salivary changes (P=.003), and trismus (P<.02). A funnel plot showed asymmetry among the differences of means in all selected studies. Intraoral stents have a positive effect on preventing oral mucositis. Further clinical trials are needed to address the flaws identified in the present systematic review.