Leg length discrepancy assessment in total hip arthroplasty: is a pelvic radiograph sufficient?

• Published in: Bone & joint open Vol. 3; no. 12; pp. 960 - 968
• Main Authors: Hardwick-Morris, Max, Wigmore, Estelle, Twiggs, Joshua, Miles, Brad, Jones, Christopher W, Yates, Piers J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery 01.12.2022
• Subjects: Arthroplasty; EOS; Hip; leg length discrepancy; LLD; pelvic radiograph; preoperative planning; Reverse Hybrid; total hip arthroplasty; leg length discrepancy; contractures; LLD; preoperative planning; radiology; EOS; spine; radiography; total hip arthroplasty; hips; anteroposterior pelvic radiograph; pelvic radiograph; ankle; total hip arthroplasty (THA)
• ISSN: 2633-1462; 2633-1462
• DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.312.BJO-2022-0146.R1

Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is a common pre- and postoperative issue in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients. The conventional technique for measuring LLD has historically been on a non-weightbearing anteroposterior pelvic radiograph; however, this does not capture many potential sources of LLD. The aim of this study was to determine if long-limb EOS radiology can provide a more reproducible and holistic measurement of LLD. In all, 93 patients who underwent a THA received a standardized preoperative EOS scan, anteroposterior (AP) radiograph, and clinical LLD assessment. Overall, 13 measurements were taken along both anatomical and functional axes and measured twice by an orthopaedic fellow and surgical planning engineer to calculate intraoperator reproducibility and correlations between measurements. Strong correlations were observed for all EOS measurements (r > 0.9). The strongest correlation with AP radiograph (inter-teardrop line) was observed for functional-ASIS-to-floor (functional) (r = 0.57), much weaker than the correlations between EOS measurements. ASIS-to-ankle measurements exhibited a high correlation to other linear measurements and the highest ICC (r = 0.97). Using anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)-to-ankle, 33% of patients had an absolute LLD of greater than 10 mm, which was statistically different from the inter-teardrop LLD measurement (p < 0.005). We found that the conventional measurement of LLD on AP pelvic radiograph does not correlate well with long leg measurements and may not provide a true appreciation of LLD. ASIS-to-ankle demonstrated improved detection of potential LLD than other EOS and radiograph measurements. Full length, functional imaging methods may become the new gold standard to measure LLD.Cite this article:  2022;3(12):960-968.