Early vs. Late Readmission following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Predictors and Impact on Long-Term Outcomes

• Published in: Journal of clinical medicine Vol. 12; no. 4; p. 1684
• Main Authors: Eccleston, David, Duong, My-Ngan, Chowdhury, Enayet, Schwarz, Nisha, Reid, Christopher, Liew, Danny, Conradie, Andre, Worthley, Stephen G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Acute coronary syndromes; Angina pectoris; Angioplasty; Cardiac arrhythmia; Cardiovascular disease; Clinical medicine; Clinical outcomes; Complications; Complications and side effects; Coronary vessels; Data collection; Diabetes; Heart attacks; Heart failure; Hospital care; Hospitals; Hypertension; Patient outcomes; Patients; Privacy; Regression analysis; Research ethics; Statistics; Stroke; Surgery; Transluminal angioplasty; Australia; United States > US; unplanned readmission; registry; percutaneous coronary intervention; death; MACE
• ISSN: 2077-0383; 2077-0383
• DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041684

Readmissions within 1 year after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are common (18.6-50.4% in international series) and a burden to patients and health services, however their long-term implications are not well characterised. We compared predictors of 30-day (early) and 31-day to 1-year (late) unplanned readmission and the impact of unplanned readmission on long-term clinical outcomes post-PCI. Patients enrolled in the GenesisCare Cardiovascular Outcomes Registry (GCOR-PCI) from 2008 to 2020 were included in the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of early and late unplanned readmission. A Cox proportion hazards regression model was used to explore the impact of any unplanned readmission during the first year post-PCI on the clinical outcomes at 3 years. Finally, patients with early and late unplanned readmission were compared to determine which group was at the highest risk of adverse long-term outcomes. The study comprised 16,911 consecutively enrolled patients who underwent PCI between 2009-2020. Of these, 1422 patients (8.5%) experienced unplanned readmission within 1-year post-PCI. Overall, the mean age was 68.9 ± 10.5 years, 76.4% were male and 45.9% presented with acute coronary syndromes. Predictors of unplanned readmission included increasing age, female gender, previous CABG, renal impairment and PCI for acute coronary syndromes. Unplanned readmission within 1 year of PCI was associated with an increased risk of MACE (adjusted HR 1.84 (1.42-2.37), < 0.001) and death over a 3-year follow-up (adjusted HR 1.864 (1.34-2.59), < 0.001) compared with those without readmission within 1-year post-PCI. Late compared with early unplanned readmission within the first year of PCI was more frequently associated with subsequent unplanned readmission, MACE and death between 1 and 3 years post-PCI. Unplanned readmissions in the first year following PCI, particularly those occurring more than 30 days after discharge, were associated with a significantly higher risk of adverse outcomes, such as MACE and death at 3 years. Strategies to identify patients at high risk of readmission and interventions to reduce their greater risk of adverse events should be implemented post-PCI.