Molybdenum nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, G2/M arrest, and DNA damage in mouse skin fibroblast cells (L929)

• Published in: Colloids and surfaces, B, Biointerfaces Vol. 125; pp. 73 - 81
• Main Authors: Siddiqui, Maqsood A., Saquib, Quaiser, Ahamed, Maqusood, Farshori, Nida N., Ahmad, Javed, Wahab, Rizwan, Khan, Shams T., Alhadlaq, Hisham A., Musarrat, Javed, Al-Khedhairy, Abdulaziz A., Pant, Aditya B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2015
• Subjects: Animals; Apoptosis - drug effects; Assaying; Catalase; Catalase - antagonists & inhibitors; Catalase - metabolism; Cell cycle; Cell Line; Cell Survival - drug effects; Comet Assay; Cytotoxicity; Damage; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA damage; DNA Fragmentation - drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Exposure; Fibroblasts - cytology; Fibroblasts - drug effects; Fibroblasts - metabolism; G2 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints - drug effects; Glutathione - antagonists & inhibitors; Glutathione - metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Metal Nanoparticles - toxicity; Mice; Molybdenum; Molybdenum - chemistry; Molybdenum - toxicity; Molybdenum nanoparticles; Morphology; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Reactive Oxygen Species - agonists; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Skin - cytology; Skin - drug effects; Skin - metabolism; Stresses; Oxidative stress; Cytotoxicity; Molybdenum nanoparticles; DNA damage; Cell cycle
• ISSN: 0927-7765; 1873-4367
• DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.014

•This is the first report on cyto- and genotoxicity of Mo-NPs in L929 cell line.•Mo-NPs induced concentration and time dependent cytotoxicity in L929 cells.•Mo-NPs induced oxidative stress and ROS generation in a concentration dependent manner.•Mo-NPs decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in L929 cells.•Mo-NPs showed the induction of apoptosis through G2/M arrest and DNA damage. The present investigation was aimed to study the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity induced by molybdenum nanoparticles (Mo-NPs) in mouse skin fibroblast cells (L929). Cells were exposed to different concentrations (1–100μg/ml) of Mo-NPs (size 40nm) for 24 and 48h. After the exposure, different cytotoxicity assays (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT; neutral red uptake, NRU; and cellular morphology) and oxidative stress markers (lipid peroxidation, LPO; glutathione, GSH; and catalase) were studied. Further, Mo-NPs-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage were also studied. L929 cells treated with Mo-NPs showed a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability and a loss of the normal cell morphology. The percentage cell viability was recorded as 25%, 42%, and 58% by MTT assay and 24%, 46%, and 56% by NRU assay at 25, 50, and 100μg/ml of Mo-NPs, respectively after 48h exposure. Furthermore, the cells showed a significant induction of oxidative stress. This was confirmed by the increase in LPO and ROS generation, as well as the decrease in the GSH and catalase levels. The decrease in MMP also confirms the impaired mitochondrial membrane. The cell cycle analysis and comet assay data revealed that Mo-NPs induced G2/M arrest and DNA damage in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results demonstrated, for the first time, Mo-NPs induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and genotoxicity in L929 cells. Thus, data suggest the potential hazardous nature of Mo-NPs.