Bacterial Endosymbionts of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum

• Published in: Microbial ecology Vol. 52; no. 4; pp. 756 - 764
• Main Authors: Azanza, Ma. Patricia V, Azanza, Rhodora V, Vargas, Vanessa Mercee D, Hedreyda, Cynthia T
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY New York : Springer-Verlag 01.11.2006; Springer Science + Business Media, Inc; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Actinobacteria; Animals; Bacillus; Bacteria; Bacteria - genetics; Bacteria - isolation & purification; Bacteria - metabolism; bacterial endosymbionts; bacterial theory; Bacteriology; Biological and medical sciences; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dietzia maris; Dinoflagellida - microbiology; Endosymbionts; Erythrobacter; Fermentation; Firmicutes; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Liquid chromatography; Marine; Marine Toxins - analysis; Marine Toxins - toxicity; Mice; Microbiology; Micrococcus; Miscellaneous; Moraxella; Philippines; Proteobacteria; Pseudomonas putida; psp toxins; Pyrodinium bahamense; Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum; Ribosomal DNA; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; Saxitoxin - analysis; Saxitoxin - toxicity; Shellfish; Sphingomonadaceae; Symbiosis; Test animals; Toxicity; Toxins; Philippines; ISEW, Philippines; Pseudomonadales; Microbiology; Toxicity; Eubacteria; Neisseriaceae; Ribosomal DNA; Microflora; Bacillaceae; Moraxella; Bacillales; Bacillus; Micrococcales; Pseudomonadaceae; Actinobacteria; Bacteria; Micrococcaceae; Pseudomonas putida; Rodentia; Erythrobacter; Paralytic shellfish poisoning; Ecology; Chromatography; Strain; Infection; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Mouse; Bacteriosis; Isolate; Micrococcus; Intracellular
• ISSN: 0095-3628; 1432-184X
• DOI: 10.1007/s00248-006-9128-7

The study presents evidence in support of the bacterial theory associated with the toxicity of Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum. Bacterial endosymbionts from Philippine P. bahamense var. compressum strain Pbc MZRVA 042595 were isolated and identified via 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Taxonomic diversity of the identified culturable intracellular microbiota associated with Philippine P. bahamense var. compressum was established to be limited to the Phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Major endosymbionts identified included Moraxella spp., Erythrobacter spp., and Bacillus spp., whereas Pseudomonas putida, Micrococcus spp., and Dietzia maris were identified as minor isolates. All identified strains except D. maris, P. putida, and Micrococcus spp. were shown to contain either saxitoxin or neo saxitoxin or both at levels <=73 ng/10⁷ bacterial cells based on high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Paralytic shellfish poisoning-like physiologic reactions in test animals used in the mouse assay were recorded for the endosymbionts except for P. putida. The study is the first to elucidate the possible contribution of bacterial endosymbionts in the toxicity of P. bahamense var. compressum isolated in the Philippines.