Mercury Ion Clock for a NASA Technology Demonstration Mission

• Published in: IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control Vol. 63; no. 7; pp. 1034 - 1043
• Main Authors: Tjoelker, Robert L., Prestage, John D., Burt, Eric A., Pin Chen, Chong, Yong J., Chung, Sang K., Diener, William, Ely, Todd, Enzer, Daphna G., Mojaradi, Hadi, Okino, Clay, Pauken, Mike, Robison, David, Swenson, Bradford L., Tucker, Blake, Wang, Rabi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 01.07.2016; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Atomic clocks; atomic frequency standards; Autonomous; Clocks; Frequency stability; ion traps; Ions; Launches; Mercury (planets); NASA; Sensitivity; space clocks; Space vehicles; Stability; Synthesizers; Technology demonstrator; Thermal stability; Vibration
• ISSN: 0885-3010; 1525-8955
• DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2016.2543738

There are many different atomic frequency standard technologies but only few meet the demanding performance, reliability, size, mass, and power constraints required for space operation. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is developing a linear ion-trap-based mercury ion clock, referred to as DSAC (DeepSpace Atomic Clock) under NASA's Technology Demonstration Mission program. This clock is expected to provide a new capability with broad application to space-based navigation and science. A one-year flight demonstration is planned as a hosted payload following an early 2017 launch. This first-generation mercury ion clock for space demonstration has a volume, mass, and power of 17 L, 16 kg, and 47 W, respectively, with further reductions planned for follow-on applications. Clock performance with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)*Q limited stability of 1.5E - 13/τ 1/2 has been observed and a fractional frequency stability of 2E-15 at one day measured (no drift removed). Such a space-based stability enables autonomous timekeeping of Δt <; 0.2 ns/day with a technology capable of even higher stability, if desired. To date, the demonstration clock has been successfully subjected to mechanical vibration testing at the 14 g rms level, thermal-vacuum operation over a range of 42 °C, and electromagnetic susceptibility tests.