Goat milk during iron repletion improves bone turnover impaired by severe iron deficiency

• Published in: Journal of dairy science Vol. 94; no. 6; pp. 2752 - 2761
• Main Authors: Díaz-Castro, J., Ramírez López-Frías, M., Campos, M.S., López-Frías, M., Alférez, M.J.M., Nestares, T., Ortega, E., López-Aliaga, I.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.06.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - blood; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - diet therapy; Animal productions; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; biomarkers; Biomarkers - blood; bone mineralization; Bone Remodeling - physiology; bone resorption; bone turnover; calcium; Calcium - analysis; Cattle; diet; femur; Femur - chemistry; Food industries; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; goat and cow milk; goat milk; Goats; iron; Iron - analysis; iron deficiency anemia; iron repletion; Iron, Dietary - therapeutic use; Male; milk; Milk - chemistry; Milk and cheese industries. Ice creams; mineralization; nutrient deficiencies; parathyroid hormone; Parathyroid Hormone - blood; Peptide Fragments - blood; Phosphorus - analysis; Procollagen - blood; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; repletion; Severity of Illness Index; sternum; Sternum - chemistry; Terrestrial animal productions; Treatment Outcome; Vertebrates; goat and cow milk; bone turnover; iron deficiency anemia; iron repletion; Goat milk; Deficiency; Dairy industry; Turnover; Dairy product; Cow milk; Iron; Bone
• ISSN: 0022-0302; 1525-3198
• DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-4043

The effect of goat or cow milk-based diets, with either normal Fe content or an Fe overload, on bone turnover and the mineralization process was studied in control and anemic rats during chronic Fe repletion. One hundred eighty male Wistar rats were studied during a pre-experimental period of 40 d in which they were randomly divided into 2 groups, a control group receiving the AIN-93G diet with normal Fe content (45mg/kg of diet) and the Fe-deficient group receiving the AIN-93G diet with low Fe content (5mg/kg of diet) for 40 d. After the pre-experimental period, the rats were fed for 10, 30, or 50 d with goat or cow milk-based diets with a normal Fe content (45mg/kg of diet) or an Fe overload (450mg/kg of diet). In anemic rats, goat milk with normal Fe content increased levels of the biomarker of bone formation N-terminal propeptides of type I procollagen and diminished parathyroid hormone levels after only 10 d of supplying this diet, indicating the beginning of restoration of the bone demineralization induced by the anemia, which was not observed with cow milk. After 30 d of supplying the milk-based diets with normal Fe content or an Fe overload, biomarkers of bone formation and bone resorption were not different between control and anemic rats, indicating that the bone demineralization induced by the Fe-deficiency anemia had recovered, although the process of stabilization of bone turnover began earlier in the animals fed goat milk. In addition, a higher Ca deposit was observed in femur, which positively affects bone mineralization, as well as an increase of Fe in sternum, which indicates that the hematopoietic process essentially recovered earlier on the goat milk diet compared with the cow milk diet.