Roles of Cytokines in Alzheimer's Disease

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 25; no. 11; p. 5803
• Main Authors: Chen, Zilin, Balachandran, Yekkuni L, Chong, Wai Po, Chan, Kannie W Y
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.06.2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Adalimumab; Advertising executives; Alzheimer Disease - immunology; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Alzheimer Disease - pathology; Alzheimer's disease; Animals; B cells; Cell cycle; cytokine; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Dementia; Development and progression; Disease; Humans; Immune system; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Metabolism; Neurodegeneration; neuroimmune system; Neuroinflammatory Diseases - immunology; Neuroinflammatory Diseases - metabolism; Neurons; Neurophysiology; Pathogenesis; Pathology; pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; Proteins; Review; Roles; Tumor necrosis factor; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; China; cytokine; pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; neuroimmune system; Alzheimer’s disease
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115803

The neuroimmune system is a collection of immune cells, cytokines, and the glymphatic system that plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Of particular focus are cytokines, a group of immune signaling molecules that facilitate communication among immune cells and contribute to inflammation in AD. Extensive research has shown that the dysregulated secretion of certain cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17, IL-12, IL-23, IL-6, and TNF-α) promotes neuroinflammation and exacerbates neuronal damage in AD. However, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-3, IL-33, and IL-35) are also secreted during AD onset and progression, thereby preventing neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the involvement of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in AD pathology and discusses their therapeutic potential.