Energy filtered low voltage "in lens detector" SEM and XPS of natural fiber surfaces

• Published in: Journal of applied polymer science Vol. 131; no. 9; pp. np - n/a
• Main Authors: Rasch, Ron, Stricher, Arthur, Truss, Rowan W.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, NJ Blackwell Publishing Ltd 05.05.2014; Wiley; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Adhesion; Applied sciences; biomaterials; composites; Compounding ingredients; Detectors; Exact sciences and technology; Fibers; Fillers and reinforcing agents; Flax; Forms of application and semi-finished materials; Laminates; Low voltage; Materials science; microscopy; Polymer industry, paints, wood; Polymers; Scanning electron microscopy; surfaces and interfaces; Technology of polymers; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; X-rays; Mercerization; Scanning electron microscopy; fibers; surfaces and interfaces; Plant fiber; X ray; Experimental study; Adhesion; Quantitative surface analysis; Composite material; Surface treatment; composites; Flax fiber; Natural fiber; Photoelectron spectrometry; Chemical composition; microscopy; Woven material; biomaterials
• ISSN: 0021-8995; 1097-4628
• DOI: 10.1002/app.39572

ABSTRACT Most analyses of natural fibers give the average composition of the fiber and not the nature and distribution of surface species present. The nature of the fiber surface is important since it governs interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix and the transfer of stress to the fiber in composite materials. The surface of caustic treated flax fibers is analyzed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and a low voltage scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique that uses a filtered in‐lens electron detector. XPS shows that the fiber surface is not composed of a single polymer but is a mixture of materials, probably degraded lignin and hemicellulose and extractives. The SEM technique shows patches of material on the surface with different contrast and this contrast is shown to result from different average atomic number (Z). The variation in surface composition has obvious implication in variable interfacial properties in composites made using natural fibers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39572.