Annona muricate Extract Supplementation Contributes to Improve Aberrant Multi-Organ Energy Metabolism via Muscle-Brain Connectivity in Diabetic Mice

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 11; p. 2559
• Main Authors: Lee, Heaji, Kim, Sun Yeou, Lim, Yunsook
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 30.05.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Animal cognition; Biomarkers; Body composition; Brain; Brain research; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Cognitive ability; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Energy; Energy balance; Energy metabolism; Ethanol; Fibroblast growth factors; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Glucose; Growth factors; hepatokines; Hippocampus; Homeostasis; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Liver; Metabolic disorders; Muscles; Musculoskeletal system; myokines; Neural networks; Neuroprotection; Protein turnover; Proteins; Quality of life; Sarcopenia; Skeletal muscle; type 2 diabetes mellitus; United States > US; South Korea; hepatokines; type 2 diabetes mellitus; myokines; brain; skeletal muscle; cognitive dysfunction; energy metabolism; sarcopenia
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15112559

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related with the incidence of sarcopenia and cognitive impairment that reduces quality of life in the elderly. Recent evidence has demonstrated that sarcopenia is associated with cognitive dysfunction, and muscle-derived endocrine factors might contribute to cognitive function by the skeletal muscle-brain endocrine loop. This study investigated the beneficial effects of (AM, graviola) on multi-organ energy metabolism with muscle-brain connectivity via brain function-related myokines in mice. Body composition, fasting blood glucose level, insulin, HbA1c%, histopathological changes, and the protein levels of insulin-signaling, energy metabolism, neuroprotection, inflammation, and protein-degradation pathways were measured. AM extract (AME) treatment selectively enhanced insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle and hippocampus of T2DM mice. Furthermore, AME treatment effectively increased muscle-derived fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), cathepsin-B (CTSB), irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and liver-derived FGF21 that contribute to whole-body energy homeostasis. In particular, AME increased the levels of circulating myokines (FGF21, BDNF, irisin, and CTSB), and these were accordance with the hippocampal neurotrophic factors (BDNF and CTSB) in T2DM mice. In conclusion, we suggest that AME would be a potential nutraceutical for improving the energy metabolism associated with muscle-brain connectivity via brain function-related myokines in T2DM.