Genome-wide nucleotide diversity and associations with geography, ploidy level and glucosinolate profiles in Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae)

• Published in: Plant systematics and evolution Vol. 304; no. 5; pp. 619 - 630
• Main Authors: Mohammadin, Setareh, Wang, Wei, Liu, Ting, Moazzeni, Hamid, Ertugrul, Kuddisi, Uysal, Tuna, Christodoulou, Charalambos S., Edger, Patrick P., Pires, J. Chris, Wright, Stephen I., Schranz, M. Eric
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Vienna Springer-Verlag GmbH 01.05.2018; Springer Vienna; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aethionema; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biosystematics; Biosystematiek; Brassicaceae; Chaperonins; Chemical compounds; Chemical defense; EPS; Evolution; Flow cytometry; Gene expression; Gene polymorphism; Genes; Genetic diversity; Genomes; Genotypes; Geography; Glucosinolates; Life Sciences; Nucleotides; Organic chemistry; Original Article; Plant Anatomy/Development; Plant Ecology; Plant Sciences; Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography; Ploidy; Polymorphism; Populations; Protein folding; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Glucosinolates; Polyploidy; Brassicaceae; Irano-Turanian; Genome-wide diversity
• ISSN: 0378-2697; 1615-6110; 2199-6881
• DOI: 10.1007/s00606-018-1494-3

The genus Aethionema is sister to the core Brassicaceae (including Arabidopsis thaliana) and thus has an important evolutionary position for comparative analyses. Aethionema arabicum (Brassicaceae) is emerging as a model to understand the evolution of various traits. We generated transcriptome data for seven Ae. arabicum genotypes across the species range including Cyprus, Iran and Turkey. Combined flow cytometry and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses identified distinct tetraploid (Iranian) and diploid populations (Turkish/Cypriot). The Turkish and Cypriot lines had a higher genome-wide genetic diversity than the Iranian lines. However, one genomic region contained genes with a higher diversity in the Iranian than the Turkish/Cypriot lines. Sixteen percent of the genes in this region were chaperonins involved in protein folding. Additionally, an analysis of glucosinolate profiles, chemical defence compounds of the Brassicaceae, showed a difference in diversity of indolic glucosinolates between the Iranian and Turkish/Cypriot lines. We showed that different Ae. arabicum individuals have different ploidy levels depending on their location (Iranian versus Turkish/Cypriot). Moreover, these differences between the populations are also shown in their defence compounds.