Increased motor impulsivity in a rat gambling task during chronic ropinirole treatment: potentiation by win-paired audiovisual cues

• Published in: Psychopharmacology Vol. 236; no. 6; pp. 1901 - 1915
• Main Authors: Tremblay, Melanie, Barrus, Michael M., Cocker, Paul J., Baunez, Christelle, Winstanley, Catharine A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2019; Springer; Springer Nature B.V; Springer Verlag
• Subjects: Animal models; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Cognitive ability; Cognitive science; Cues; Dopamine D2 receptors; Gambling; Gaming machines; Immunoglobulin D; Impulsive behavior; Impulsivity; Life Sciences; Neurobiology; Neurons and Cognition; Neuroscience; Neurosciences; Original Investigation; Pharmaceutical sciences; Pharmacology; Pharmacology/Toxicology; Potentiation; Pramipexole; Psychiatry; Psychology and behavior; Reinforcement; Ropinirole; Sensory integration; Sensory stimuli; Canada; Decision-making; Risky choice; Gambling disorder; Impulsivity; Iowa gambling task; Dopamine agonist
• ISSN: 0033-3158; 1432-2072
• DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5173-z

Rationale Chronic administration of D 2/3 receptor agonists ropinirole or pramipexole can increase the choice of uncertain rewards in rats, theoretically approximating iatrogenic gambling disorder (iGD). Objectives We aimed to assess the effect of chronic ropinirole in animal models that attempt to capture critical aspects of commercial gambling, including the risk of losing rather than failing to gain, and the use of win-paired sensory stimuli heavily featured in electronic gambling machines (EGMs). Methods Male Long–Evans rats learned the rat gambling task (rGT; n  = 24), in which animals sample between four options that differ in the magnitude and probability of rewards and time-out punishments. In the cued rGT ( n  = 40), reward-concurrent audiovisual cues were added that scaled in complexity with win size. Rats were then implanted with an osmotic pump delivering ropinirole (5 mg/kg/day) or saline for 28 days. Results Chronic ropinirole did not unequivocally increase preference for more uncertain outcomes in either the cued or uncued rGT. Ropinirole transiently increased premature responses, a measure of motor impulsivity, and this change was larger and more long-lasting in the cued task. Conclusions These data suggest that explicitly signaling loss prevents the increase in preference for uncertain rewards caused by D 2/3 receptor agonists observed previously. The ability of win-paired cues to amplify ropinirole-induced increases in motor impulsivity may explain why compulsive use of EGMs is particularly common in iGD. These data offer valuable insight into the cognitive–behavioral mechanisms through which chronic dopamine agonist treatments may induce iGD and related impulse control disorders.