Neutropenic enterocolitis

Neutropenic colitis is a severe condition usually affecting immunocompromised patients. Its exact pathogenesis is not completely understood. The main elements in disease onset appear to be intestinal mucosal injury together with neutropenia and the weakened immune system of the afflicted patients. T...

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Published inWorld journal of gastroenterology : WJG Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 42 - 47
Main Authors Rodrigues, Fabio G, Dasilva, Giovanna, Wexner, Steven D
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 07.01.2017
Subjects
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Agents - adverse effects
Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use
Colectomy
Combined Modality Therapy
Enterocolitis, Neutropenic - diagnosis
Enterocolitis, Neutropenic - etiology
Enterocolitis, Neutropenic - therapy
Fluid Therapy
Humans
Leukocyte Transfusion
Lower Body Negative Pressure
Minireviews
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neutropenia - chemically induced
Neutropenia - complications
Parenteral Nutrition
Typhlitis - diagnosis
Typhlitis - etiology
Typhlitis - therapy
Intestinal edema
Pathogenesis
Neutropenic colitis
Intramural invasion
Intestinal mucosal injury
Neutropenic enterocolitis
Immunocompromise
Neutropenia
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Summary:Neutropenic colitis is a severe condition usually affecting immunocompromised patients. Its exact pathogenesis is not completely understood. The main elements in disease onset appear to be intestinal mucosal injury together with neutropenia and the weakened immune system of the afflicted patients. These initial conditions lead to intestinal edema, engorged vessels, and a disrupted mucosal surface, which becomes more vulnerable to bacterial intramural invasion. Chemotherapeutic agents can cause direct mucosal injury(mucositis) or can predispose to distension and necrosis, thereby altering intestinal motility. This article aims to review current concepts regarding neutropenic colitis’ pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
Bibliography:Fabio G Rodrigues;Giovanna Dasilva;Steven D Wexner;Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida
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Author contributions: Rodrigues FG, Dasilva G and Wexner SD contributed equally to this work including designing and performing the research, analyzing the data, and writing the paper.
Correspondence to: Steven D Wexner, MD, PhD (Hon), Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, 2950 Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL 33331, United States. wexners@ccf.org
Telephone: +1-954-6596020
ISSN:1007-9327
2219-2840
2219-2840
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v23.i1.42