Study of aerosols and molecular extinction effects in ultraviolet DIAL remote sensing in the lower atmosphere

• Published in: International journal of remote sensing Vol. 33; no. 4; pp. 887 - 904
• Main Authors: Shayeganrad, Gholamreza, Mashhadi, Leila
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Abingdon Taylor & Francis 01.01.2012
• Subjects: absorption; aerosols; air temperature; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Applied geophysics; Biological and medical sciences; Earth atmosphere; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Exact sciences and technology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects. Techniques; Internal geophysics; lidar; oxygen; ozone; remote sensing; Teledetection and vegetation maps; wavelengths; atmosphere; attenuation; aerosols; accuracy; ultraviolet rays; Probe; extinction; Light; Air temperature; Dependence; particles; wavelength; absorption; remote sensing; pressure; backscattering; Sensitivity; techniques; signal-to-noise ratio; Lidar; inhomogeneity; Molecular domain; Simplicity; errors; properties
• ISSN: 1366-5901; 0143-1161; 1366-5901
• DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2010.532825

Light passing through the atmosphere is scattered and absorbed by the molecules and particles in the atmosphere. This can adversely restrict and limit not only the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) but also the accuracy and sensitivity of measurements, especially in long-path remote sensing. Usually, in differential absorption lidar (DIAL) techniques, errors are increased mainly because of the different extinction and backscattering properties of the atmosphere at the DIAL probe wavelengths. In this work we have investigated the effects of background aerosol and molecular extinction in DIAL remote sensing in the lower atmosphere for several visibilities at ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths by taking into account the dependence of refraction on the air temperature and pressure. For simplicity, we neglected the spatial inhomogeneity of aerosols in the lower atmosphere. Because of the weak attenuation produced by oxygen and other gaseous atmospheric constituents in this region compared with that from ozone, only ozone is considered as significant among the expected errors. Values for the total attenuation (km⁻¹) at wavelengths 200–400 nm are tabulated for several values of visibility. The acquired results show that the absorption and scattering by the molecules and aerosols vary with wavelength and visibility. The aerosol attenuation in the UV region varies smoothly and thereby errors caused by aerosol scattering can be neglected in remote sensing by UV-DIAL. In addition, aerosols play a very important role in lidar remote sensing in the lower atmosphere by scattering and absorption of radiation, which is considered as a significant factor. At high altitudes, the aerosol concentration is lower than at the ground; the molecular scattering is important, especially for wavelengths greater than 310 nm, where ozone attenuation is not important. The obtained results are important for accurate UV-DIAL measurements of concentration as well as when real-world signals are not available, for example when designing lidar and simulating or when access to real-world signals is not possible.