Anticancer Effects in HT-29 Cells and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Mouse Splenocytes of Broccoli Cultivated with Deep Sea Water Minerals in Organic Farming

• Published in: Applied sciences Vol. 13; no. 17; p. 9684
• Main Authors: Lee, Yeon-Jun, Pan, Yanni, Park, Seung-Hwan, Sin, Sin-Il, Park, Kun-Young
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2023
• Subjects: Agricultural industry; anti-inflammation; Anti-inflammatory diet; Anti-inflammatory drugs; anticancer; Apoptosis; broccoli; Cell cycle; Colorectal cancer; cultivation; Cytokines; deep sea water minerals; Dietary minerals; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Fertilizers; Flavonoids; Inflammation; Killer cells; Mice; Nitric oxide; Organic farming; Pesticides; Potassium; Scientific imaging; Sea-water; Tumor necrosis factor; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor proteins; Vegetables; Canada; South Korea; St Louis Missouri; United States > US
• ISSN: 2076-3417; 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app13179684

In this study, broccoli grown with deep sea water minerals (DSWMs) confirmed anticancer effects in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells and anti-inflammatory effects in C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes. Natural dream cultured broccoli (NB) grown with DSWMs had elevated sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) levels and enhanced the expression of p53 and p21, both of which are associated with cell cycle arrest in HT-29 colorectal cancer cells. It also decreased the expression of Bax, Bad, Bim, Bak, caspase-9, and caspase-3. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated C57BL/6 mouse splenocytes, NB produced little nitric oxide (NO). ELISA research indicated that NB decreased IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12 expression while increasing NK cell activity. As a result, broccoli cultivated with deep water minerals has better anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties than conventional and organic farming.