The tRNA-associated dysregulation in diabetes mellitus

• Published in: Metabolism, clinical and experimental Vol. 94; pp. 9 - 17
• Main Authors: Zhou, Zheng, Sun, Bao, Huang, Shiqiong, Jia, Wenrui, Yu, Dongsheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.2019
• Subjects: Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus - etiology; Diabetes Mellitus - pathology; Humans; Mutation; RNA, Transfer - genetics; RNA, Transfer - metabolism; Transfer RNA Aminoacylation; tRNA aminoacylation; tRNA derivative; tRNA modification; tRNA mutation; GWASs; m1G9; HFD; DM; tRNAs; EPRS; MTO1; tRNA derivative; SNPs; tRNA mutation; ms2t6A; τm5U; SOX4; tRNA modification; IR; DARS2; CDKAL1; CIR; ER; GTPBP3; MMP; LARS2; PCOS; MERRF; MetS; aaRSs; ROS; GSIS; MIDD; AMPK; TARS2; MELAS; ATF4; MT1E; T2DM; RNase P; DNMT2; mtDNA; mRNA; Nrf2; miRNA; IARS2; CpG; STXBP6; Trsp; mt-tRNA; tsRNAs; TRMT10A; sncRNA; Diabetes mellitus; Pol III; pre-tRNA; tgCNV; rRNAs; WARS2; tRNA aminoacylation; GSTA4; BAT; RNase E; hESCs; ATP; apoA-I; OCR
• ISSN: 0026-0495; 1532-8600
• DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.01.017

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder for human health and well-being. Deregulated glucose and lipid metabolism are the primary underlying manifestations associated with this disease. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are considered to mainly participate in protein translation and may contribute to complex human pathologies. Although the molecular mechanisms remain, for the most part, unknown, accumulating evidence indicates that tRNAs play a vital role in the pathogenesis of DM. This paper reviews different aspects of tRNA-associated dysregulation in DM, such as tRNA mutations, tRNA modifications, tRNA aminoacylation and tRNA derivatives, aiming at a better understanding of the pathogenesis of DM and providing new ideas for the personalized treatment of this metabolism-associated disease. •tRNA-associated dysregulation played a key role in DM.•tRNA mutations caused severe respiratory chain deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of DM.•tRNA modifications interfered with proinsulin processing, beta cell apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction.