Diversity of Synthetic Dyes from Textile Industries, Discharge Impacts and Treatment Methods

Natural dyes have been used from ancient times for multiple purposes, most importantly in the field of textile dying. The increasing demand and excessive costs of natural dye extraction engendered the discovery of synthetic dyes from petrochemical compounds. Nowadays, they are dominating the textile...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inApplied sciences Vol. 11; no. 14; p. 6255
Main Authors Slama, Houda Ben, Chenari Bouket, Ali, Pourhassan, Zeinab, Alenezi, Faizah N., Silini, Allaoua, Cherif-Silini, Hafsa, Oszako, Tomasz, Luptakova, Lenka, Golińska, Patrycja, Belbahri, Lassaad
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 06.07.2021
Subjects
Acids
Cellulose
Cellulose fibers
Chemical oxygen demand
Classification
Color
Coloration
Decontamination
discharge
Dyeing
Dyes
Effluents
Hazardous wastes
Industrial wastewater
Nanotechnology
Pigments
Proteins
Soil water
Sulfur
synthetic dyes
Synthetic fibers
Textile fibers
textile industries
Textile industry
Textile industry wastewaters
treatment methods
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment
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Summary:Natural dyes have been used from ancient times for multiple purposes, most importantly in the field of textile dying. The increasing demand and excessive costs of natural dye extraction engendered the discovery of synthetic dyes from petrochemical compounds. Nowadays, they are dominating the textile market, with nearly 8 × 105 tons produced per year due to their wide range of color pigments and consistent coloration. Textile industries consume huge amounts of water in the dyeing processes, making it hard to treat the enormous quantities of this hazardous wastewater. Thus, they have harmful impacts when discharged in non-treated or partially treated forms in the environment (air, soil, plants and water), causing several human diseases. In the present work we focused on synthetic dyes. We started by studying their classification which depended on the nature of the manufactured fiber (cellulose, protein and synthetic fiber dyes). Then, we mentioned the characteristics of synthetic dyes, however, we focused more on their negative impacts on the ecosystem (soil, plants, water and air) and on humans. Lastly, we discussed the applied physical, chemical and biological strategies solely or in combination for textile dye wastewater treatments. Additionally, we described the newly established nanotechnology which achieves complete discharge decontamination.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app11146255