Binary Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease Using sMRI Imaging Modality and Deep Learning

• Published in: Journal of digital imaging Vol. 33; no. 5; pp. 1073 - 1090
• Main Authors: Tufail, Ahsan Bin, Ma, Yong-Kui, Zhang, Qiu-Na
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.10.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Alzheimer Disease - diagnostic imaging; Alzheimer's disease; Artificial neural networks; Brain; Classification; Cognitive ability; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deep Learning; Diagnosis; Feature extraction; Female; Humans; Image classification; Imaging; Machine learning; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical imaging; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neural networks; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroimaging; Original Paper; Radiology; Substantia grisea; Transfer learning; Deep learning; Medical imaging; Transfer learning; MRI; Artificial neural networks; Classification
• ISSN: 0897-1889; 1618-727X
• DOI: 10.1007/s10278-019-00265-5

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible devastative neurodegenerative disorder associated with progressive impairment of memory and cognitive functions. Its early diagnosis is crucial for the development of possible future treatment option(s). Structural magnetic resonance images (sMRI) play an important role to help in understanding the anatomical changes related to AD especially in its early stages. Conventional methods require the expertise of domain experts and extract hand-picked features such as gray matter substructures and train a classifier to distinguish AD subjects from healthy subjects. Different from these methods, this paper proposes to construct multiple deep 2D convolutional neural networks (2D-CNNs) to learn the various features from local brain images which are combined to make the final classification for AD diagnosis. The whole brain image was passed through two transfer learning architectures; Inception version 3 and Xception, as well as a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) built with the help of separable convolutional layers which can automatically learn the generic features from imaging data for classification. Our study is conducted using cross-sectional T1-weighted structural MRI brain images from Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) database to maintain the size and contrast over different MRI scans. Experimental results show that the transfer learning approaches exceed the performance of non-transfer learning-based approaches demonstrating the effectiveness of these approaches for the binary AD classification task.