Experimental studies of surface waves inside a cylindrical container

• Published in: Journal of fluid mechanics Vol. 677; pp. 39 - 62
• Main Authors: LEE, CUNBIAO, PENG, HUAIWU, YUAN, HUIJING, WU, JIEZHI, ZHOU, MINGDE, HUSSAIN, FAZLE
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 25.06.2011
• Subjects: Air-water interface; Capillary waves; Containers; Droplets; Exact sciences and technology; Excitation; Flow pattern; Fluid dynamics; Fluid flow; Fluid mechanics; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); Gravity waves; Hydrodynamic waves; Instrumentation for fluid dynamics; Jets; Oscillations; Particle physics; Physics; Surface waves; China, People's Rep; capillary waves; instability; Capillary waves; Surface waves; Cylindrical cavity; Particle image velocimetry; Wave interaction; Experimental study; Velocity measurement; Oscillating vessel
• ISSN: 0022-1120; 1469-7645
• DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2011.43

We experimentally investigate the dynamics of surface waves excited by oscillations from a cylindrical sidewall. Particle-imaging-velocimetry measurements with fluorescent particles were used to determine the flow patterns near the sidewall of the cylindrical fluid container and to identify the locations of the evolving air–water interfaces. The high-frequency wall oscillations created four jets that originate at the cylindrical sidewall. Four vortex streets shed from the jets propagate from the sidewall to the centre of the container and subsequently excite a low-frequency gravity wave. The interaction between this gravitational surface wave and the high-frequency capillary waves was found to be responsible for creating droplet splash at the water surface. This phenomenon was first described as ‘Long-Xi’ or ‘dragon wash’ in ancient China. The physical processes for generating the droplet ejection, including the circular capillary waves, azimuthal waves, streaming jets and low-frequency gravity waves, are described in this paper.