Trypanosoma cruzi TcI and TcII transmission among wild carnivores, small mammals and dogs in a conservation unit and surrounding areas, Brazil

• Published in: Parasitology Vol. 140; no. 2; pp. 160 - 170
• Main Authors: ROCHA, FABIANA LOPES, ROQUE, ANDRÉ LUIZ RODRIGUES, ARRAIS, RICARDO CORASSA, SANTOS, JEAN PIERRE, LIMA, VALDIRENE DOS SANTOS, XAVIER, SAMANTA CRISTINA DAS CHAGAS, CORDEIR-ESTRELA, PEDRO, D'ANDREA, PAULO SÉRGIO, JANSEN, ANA MARIA
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.02.2013
• Subjects: Akodon montensis; Animals; Animals, Wild - parasitology; Antibodies, Protozoan - blood; Brazil - epidemiology; Carnivores; Cerdocyon thous; Chagas Disease - epidemiology; Chagas Disease - parasitology; Chagas Disease - transmission; Chrysocyon brachyurus; DNA, Protozoan - genetics; Dogs; Genotype; Genotypes; Leopardus pardalis; Mammals; Mammals - parasitology; National parks; Relative abundance; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosoma cruzi - genetics; Trypanosoma cruzi - physiology; Brazil; transmission cycles; Discrete Typing Units; Chagas disease; Brazil; reservoir; Serra da Canastra National Park; trophic network
• ISSN: 0031-1820; 1469-8161; 1469-8161
• DOI: 10.1017/S0031182012001539

Aiming to better understand the ecological aspects of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycles, wild carnivores, small mammals and dogs were examined for T. cruzi infection in the Serra da Canastra National Park region, Brazil. Isolates were genotyped using mini-exon gene and PCR-RFLP (1f8 and H3) genomic targets. Trypanosoma cruzi transmission was well established in the area and occurred in both wild and peridomestic environments. Dog seroprevalence was 29·4% (63/214) and TcI and TcII genotypes, besides mixed infections were observed. Only TcI was detected in wild mammals. Marsupials displayed lower relative abundance, but a high prevalence of positive haemocultures (4/22), whereas rodents displayed positive haemocultures (9/113) mainly in the abundant Akodon montensis and Cerradomys subflavus species. The felid Leopardus pardalis was the only carnivore to display positive haemoculture and was captured in the same region where the small mammal prevalence of T. cruzi infection was high. Two canid species, Chrysocyon brachyurus and Cerdocyon thous, were serologically positive for T. cruzi infection (4/8 and 8/39, respectively), probably related to their capacity to exploit different ecological niches. Herein, dog infection not only signals T. cruzi transmission but also the genotypes present. Distinct transmission strategies of the T. cruzi genotypes are discussed.