Multiple lines of evidence of sediment quality in an urban Marine Protected Area (Xixová-Japuí State Park, SP, Brazil)

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 26; no. 5; pp. 4605 - 4617
• Main Authors: Moreira, Lucas Buruaem, de Camargo, Júlia Beatriz Duarte Alves, Belletato Marques, Bruna, Martins, César C., de Souza Abessa, Denis Moledo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Ammonia; Ammonia - analysis; Ammonia - toxicity; Animals; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biodiversity; Brazil; Chronic toxicity; Cities; Communities; Conservation; Conservation of Water Resources; Contaminants; Contamination; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecological function; Ecological monitoring; Ecotoxicology; Ecotoxicology - methods; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental management; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Environmental science; Geologic Sediments - analysis; Geologic Sediments - chemistry; Household wastes; Marine protected areas; Metals - analysis; Metals - toxicity; Organic chemistry; Organic contaminants; Parks & recreation areas; Pollution control; Pollution sources; Protected areas; Research Article; Sediment chemistry; Sediments; Sewage; Toxicity; Toxicity Tests, Chronic; Trace metals; Waste Water Technology; Wastewater discharges; Water Management; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Water Pollution Control; Wildlife conservation; Brazil; Cities; Sediment quality triad; Marine pollution; Environmental monitoring; Toxicity identification evaluation; Environmental management; Macrobenthic community
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3941-7

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) aim to protect habitats, biodiversity, and ecological processes as a conservation tool. These areas have been affected by contamination, which threats the biodiversity and ecological functioning. In this study, we evaluated the sediment quality of Xixová-Japuí State Park (XJSP), an MPA located in an urbanized Bay (Santos, Southeast Brazil) by integrating multiple lines-of-evidence. Six sites were selected within the XJSP and analyzed for sediment chemistry, toxicity, and benthic community descriptors using Sediment Quality Triad approach (SQT). Whole-sediment Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) was employed as a complementary line of evidence to confirm the presence of domestic effluent discharges as a potential stressor. The SQT showed that sediments collected within XJSP are impacted by contaminants, exhibiting chronic toxicity and changes in benthic community. TIE results indicated that trace metals, organic contaminants, and ammonia contributed to the observed effects. Our results also indicate a lack of effectiveness of MPA in protecting the biodiversity due to the contamination sources, which requires efforts to pollution control in order to ensure the environmental conservation and management plan goals.