Genotypic analysis of the protease and reverse transcriptase of non-B HIV type 1 clinical isolates from naïve and treated subjects

• Published in: Antiviral research Vol. 83; no. 2; pp. 118 - 126
• Main Authors: Monno, Laura, Scudeller, Luigia, Brindicci, Gaetano, Saracino, Annalisa, Punzi, Grazia, Chirianni, Antonio, Lagioia, Antonella, Ladisa, Nicoletta, Caputo, Sergio Lo, Angarano, Gioacchino
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier B.V 01.08.2009; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use; Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents; Antiviral agents; Biological and medical sciences; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Genotype; HIV Infections - drug therapy; HIV Infections - virology; HIV Protease - genetics; HIV Reverse Transcriptase - genetics; HIV-1; HIV-1 - genetics; HIV-1 - isolation & purification; Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Human viral diseases; Humans; Immunodeficiencies; Immunodeficiencies. Immunoglobulinopathies; Immunopathology; Infectious diseases; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Mutation, Missense; Non-B subtypes; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Polymorphism, Genetic; Resistance; RNA, Viral - genetics; Viral diseases; Viral diseases of the lymphoid tissue and the blood. Aids; Young Adult; HIV-1; Resistance; Non-B subtypes; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; HIV-1 virus; Clinical isolate; Human; Immunopathology; Typing; Enzyme; Transferases; Retroviridae; Genotype; AIDS; Immune deficiency; Lentivirus; Infection; Virus; Peptidases; Nucleotidyltransferases; Viral disease; Analysis; Hydrolases; Human immunodeficiency virus; Subtype; Comparative study
• ISSN: 0166-3542; 1872-9096; 1872-9096
• DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.04.001

One hundred and ninety-two pol sequences of drug-naïve and drug-experienced subjects infected with non-B HIV-1 subtypes were analyzed to identify treatment-related amino acid changes which might be relevant for drug-resistance and possibly not included in the accepted mutation list for the B subtype. The correspondence analysis identified non-B-specific and subtype-specific polymorphisms which should not be mistaken for mutations. Multiple χ 2 were performed to detect the differences between naïve vs treated subjects and between different subtypes. To verify the contribution of each single mutation to the resistance levels as predicted by the Virtual Phenotype™—LM, simple univariate linear regression was used with fold resistance as a dependent variable and individual mutations as predictors. Commonly accepted protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) positions along with mutants at RT positions 118 and 90 were significantly associated with treatment. Two unusual PR (K14R and I66F) and five RT positions (E28K, S68G, H221Y, L228R/H and P294A) were also associated with treatment ( p < 0.01). Only minimal variations were observed with respect to commonly accepted amino acid changes. All amino acid changes correlated with treatment influenced the resistance levels to each single drug. Our findings demonstrate that there are no substantial differences regarding known resistance-associated mutations and the newly emergent substitutions between non-B and B subtype strains.