From Galactic Bars to the Hubble Tension: Weighing Up the Astrophysical Evidence for Milgromian Gravity

Astronomical observations reveal a major deficiency in our understanding of physics—the detectable mass is insufficient to explain the observed motions in a huge variety of systems given our current understanding of gravity, Einstein’s General theory of Relativity (GR). This missing gravity problem...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inSymmetry (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 7; p. 1331
Main Authors Banik, Indranil, Zhao, Hongsheng
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.07.2022
Subjects
Black holes
Celestial bodies
cosmology
Dark energy
Galactic clusters
Galaxies
galaxies: evolution
galaxies: groups
galaxies: interactions
galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
gravitation
Gravitational waves
Gravity
Large scale structure of the universe
Mercury
Neutrinos
Relativity
Satellites
Solar system
Stars & galaxies
Universe
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:Astronomical observations reveal a major deficiency in our understanding of physics—the detectable mass is insufficient to explain the observed motions in a huge variety of systems given our current understanding of gravity, Einstein’s General theory of Relativity (GR). This missing gravity problem may indicate a breakdown of GR at low accelerations, as postulated by Milgromian dynamics (MOND). We review the MOND theory and its consequences, including in a cosmological context where we advocate a hybrid approach involving light sterile neutrinos to address MOND’s cluster-scale issues. We then test the novel predictions of MOND using evidence from galaxies, galaxy groups, galaxy clusters, and the large-scale structure of the universe. We also consider whether the standard cosmological paradigm (ΛCDM) can explain the observations and review several previously published highly significant falsifications of it. Our overall assessment considers both the extent to which the data agree with each theory and how much flexibility each has when accommodating the data, with the gold standard being a clear a priori prediction not informed by the data in question. Our conclusion is that MOND is favoured by a wealth of data across a huge range of astrophysical scales, ranging from the kpc scales of galactic bars to the Gpc scale of the local supervoid and the Hubble tension, which is alleviated in MOND through enhanced cosmic variance. We also consider several future tests, mostly at scales much smaller than galaxies.
ISSN:2073-8994
2073-8994
DOI:10.3390/sym14071331