Frequency of skin diseases in renal transplant recipients and patients with chronic kidney disease in a tertiary center: a cross-sectional study

• Published in: São Paulo medical journal Vol. 142; no. 4; p. 2023148
• Main Authors: Vieira, Érica Cristina, Marcolino, Milena Soriano, Guedes, Antônio Carlos Martins, Maciel, Mônica Maria Moreira Delgado, Santos, Wandilza Fátima Dos, Pimentel, Luciana Consoli Fernandes, Gomes, Paulo Rodrigues, Bressan, Anita, Farah, Kátia de Paula, Araújo, Marcelo Grossi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Brazil Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM 01.01.2024; Associação Paulista de Medicina
• Subjects: Adult; Basal cell carcinoma; Chronic renal insufficiency; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dermatosis; Female; Humans; Immunosuppressive agents; Immunosupression; Kidney failure; Kidney transplantation; Kidney Transplantation - adverse effects; Male; MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL; Middle Aged; Non-melanoma skin cancer; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology; Renal transplant; Skin diseases; Skin Diseases - epidemiology; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Squamous cell carcinoma; Squamous cell carcinoma; Immunosupression; Basal cell carcinoma; Renal transplant; Kidney failure; Chronic renal insufficiency; Dermatosis; Skin diseases; Immunosuppressive agents; Kidney transplantation; Non-melanoma skin cancer
• ISSN: 1516-3180; 1806-9460; 1806-9460
• DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2023.0148.R1.29112023

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased in the recent decades, along with the number of patients in the terminal stages of this disease, requiring transplantation. Some skin disorders are more frequent in patients with CKD and in renal transplant recipients (RTR). To evaluate the frequency of skin diseases in RTR and patients with CKD receiving conservative treatment. This observational cross-sectional study recruited consecutive patients with CKD and RTR from a nephrology clinic at a teaching hospital in Brazil between 2015 and 2020. Quantitative, descriptive, and analytical approaches were used. The sample was selected based on convenience sampling. Data were collected from dermatological visits and participants' medical records. Overall, 308 participants were included: 206 RTR (66.9%, median age: 48 years, interquartile range [IQR] 38.0-56.0, 63.6% men) and 102 patients with CKD (33.1%, median age: 61.0 years, IQR 50.0-71.2, 48% men). The frequency of infectious skin diseases (39.3% vs. 21.6% P = 0.002) were higher in RTR than in patients with CKD. Neoplastic skin lesions were present in nine (4.4%) RTR and in only one (1.0%) patient with CKD. Among the RTR, the ratio of basal cell carcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma was 2:1. This study revealed that an increased frequency of infectious skin diseases may be expected in patients who have undergone kidney transplantation. Among skin cancers, BCC is more frequently observed in RTR, especially in those using azathioprine.