An empirical study of the influences of gustiness on vertical mixing at the air-sea boundary

• Published in: NPJ climate and atmospheric science Vol. 7; no. 1; pp. 39 - 9
• Main Authors: Lyu, Meng, Potter, Henry, Ortiz-Suslow, David G., Wang, Qing, Wang, Xiaoqi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 06.02.2024; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 704/106/35/823; 704/106/829/2737; 704/829/2737; Atmospheric boundary layer; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Atmospheric Sciences; Atmospheric turbulence; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts; Climatology; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Fluctuations; Friction; Momentum; Parameterization; Precipitation; Similarity theory; Surface layers; Turbulence; Turbulence measurement; Velocity; Weather; Weather forecasting; Wind; Wind speed; Wind variations
• ISSN: 2397-3722; 2397-3722
• DOI: 10.1038/s41612-024-00577-6

The exchange of momentum across the air-sea interface is a key driver of the earth system and its accurate parameterization is essential for precise weather and climate forecasting. However, our understanding of gustiness as an independent factor that can contribute to the momentum flux is limited. Using data collected from the R/P FLIP , as part of the Couple Air-Sea Processes and Electromagnetic ducting Research (CASPER) experiment, we explored the mechanisms by which gustiness contributes to the total interfacial momentum flux. We investigate how gustiness affects both the temporal and spatial (vertical) variance of turbulence in the atmospheric surface layer and show that high gustiness was associated with strong anisotropic turbulence at each measurement height. This was found to increase vertical wind fluctuations and inject additional momentum across the air-sea interface at lower wind speeds. Increased gustiness was also associated with the breakdown of the constant flux layer, which is generally assumed to exist over the ocean. This study has implications for both momentum flux parameterization and the use of similarity theory to model the flux-gradient relationship in the gusty atmospheric surface layer, thereby influencing the forecasting of climate and weather.