A Novel Braking Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Buses Based on Vehicle Mass and Road Slope Estimation

• Published in: Chinese journal of mechanical engineering Vol. 35; no. 1; pp. 150 - 11
• Main Authors: Liu, Zijun, Cheng, Shuo, Liu, Jinzhao, Wu, Qiong, Li, Liang, Liang, Huawei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Singapore Springer Nature Singapore 01.12.2022; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Edition: English ed.
• Subjects: Advanced Transportation Equipment; Algorithms; Braking control strategy; Braking systems; Buses; Control algorithms; Electric vehicles; Electrical Machines and Networks; Electronics and Microelectronics; Energy consumption; Energy recovery; Engineering; Engineering Thermodynamics; Extended Kalman filter; Force distribution; Hardware-in-the-loop simulation; Heat and Mass Transfer; Hybrid electric bus; Hybrid electric vehicles; Instrumentation; Kalman filters; Machines; Manufacturing; Mechanical Engineering; OEM; Original Article; Power Electronics; Processes; Regenerative braking; Road slope estimation; Roads & highways; Simulation; Sliding mode control; Theoretical and Applied Mechanics; Torque; Vehicle mass estimation; Wheels; Vehicle mass estimation; Road slope estimation; Regenerative braking; Hybrid electric bus; Braking control strategy
• ISSN: 1000-9345; 2192-8258
• DOI: 10.1186/s10033-022-00823-z

Proper braking force distribution strategies can improve both stability and economy performance of hybrid electric vehicles, which is prominently proved by many studies. To achieve better dynamic stable performance and higher energy recovery efficiency, an effective braking control strategy for hybrid electric buses (HEB) based on vehicle mass and road slope estimation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the road slope and the vehicle mass are estimated by a hybrid algorithm of extended Kalman filter (EKF) and recursive least square (RLS). Secondly, the total braking torque of HEB is calculated by the sliding mode controller (SMC), which uses the information of brake intensity, whole vehicle mass, and road slope. Finally, comprehensively considering driver's braking intention and regulations of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), the optimal proportional relationship between regenerative braking and pneumatic braking is obtained. Furthermore, related simulations and experiments are carried out on the hardware-in-the-loop test bench. Results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the braking performance and increase the recovered energy through precise control of the braking torque.